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. 2015 Nov 27;19:418. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-1131-2

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© Carr et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Ascorbate-dependent synthesis of the catecholamine vasopressors dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. Ascorbate acts as a cofactor for the metallo-enzyme dopamine hydroxylase, and also recycles the enzyme cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin. AA ascorbic acid, DHA dehydroascorbic acid, BH ₄ tetrahydrobiopterin, BH ₂ dihydrobiopterin