Table 3.
The t-test summary of concept mapping scoring levels in the PBL and LBL groups (N = 52)
| PBL (n = 26) | LBL (n = 26) | t(50) | p | Cohen’s d |
powera | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | M | SD | M | SD | ||||
| Concept relationships | 116.5 | 45.29 | 81.7 | 40.84 | 2.93 | 0.005* | 0.81 | 0.93 |
| Hierarchy levels | 17.0 | 3.16 | 14.3 | 5.42 | 2.25 | 0.029* | 0.61 | 0.86 |
| Cross linkages | 9.3 | 8.23 | 5.1 | 4.76 | 2.30 | 0.026* | 0.62 | 0.87 |
| Examples | 8.9 | 8.17 | 6.0 | 9.73 | 1.14 | 0.261 | 0.33 | 0.26 |
*p < 0.05; PBL = problem-based learning, LBL = lecture-based learning; M = mean; SD = standard deviation
aPost-hoc power analysis