Table 3. Phthlate-induced activation of PPARs in transfection studies. Summary of the lowest activation range and the maximum fold increase in PPAR activation reported in the literature (Hurst and Waxman, 2003; Maloney and Waxman, 1999; Lampen et al., 2003; Gopisetty Venkata et al., 2006; Feige et al., 2007; Lapinskas et al., 2005; Bility et al., 2004), with the full data provided in Supplementary material. The dotted line represents the division between metabolites originating from low and high molecular weight phthalates.