Figure 5.

Box and whisker plots of population size‐calibrated selection coefficients (γ) for nurse and larval differentially expressed genes associated with caste. Genes are grouped by tissue type (larval vs. nurse tissues), and whether they were upregulated in queen larvae or royal nurses (queen associated, yellow boxes) or they were upregulated in worker larvae or worker nurses (worker associated, green boxes). On average, larval and nurse genes with worker‐associated expression had higher estimated selection coefficients than genes with queen‐associated expression. Nurse‐ and larval‐expressed genes did not have different mean selection coefficients. Means are indicated by white diamonds and also printed in each box. Outliers are removed for clarity.