Table 1.

Select highly expressed nurse genes putatively associated with larval caste development

Gene	Log10 expression	Log2 Fold Change	Tissue	Upregulated	Annotation	Function	RJ proteome
GB53576	5.80	1.36	H	Royal	Apisimin precursor	Antimicrobial	Yes
GB53576	5.80	−1.39	MG	Worker	Apisimin precursor	Antimicrobial	Yes
GB41428	4.10	1.65	HPG	Royal	Defensin‐1 preproprotein	Antimicrobial	Yes
GB51223	2.81	1.91	HPG	Royal	Hymenoptaecin preproprotein	Antimicrobial	Yes
GB51223	2.51	2.52	H	Royal	Hymenoptaecin preproprotein	Antimicrobial	Yes
GB47318	1.71	1.52	HPG	Royal	Abaecin precursor	Antimicrobial
GB53578	3.98	1.18	H	Royal	Glucosylceramidase‐like isoform 1	Metabolic activity	Yes
GB43805	2.93	0.82	H	Royal	Membrane metallo‐endopeptidase‐like 1‐like	Metabolic activity	Yes
GB55204	5.58	0.88	H	Royal	Major royal jelly protein 3	Nutritional	Yes
GB45796	5.38	1.07	H	Royal	Major royal jelly protein 3‐ partial	Nutritional	Yes
GB50012	3.73	0.99	HPG	Royal	Hypothetical protein LOC726323	Unknown	Yes
GB50012	3.36	1.51	H	Royal	Hypothetical protein LOC726323	Unknown	Yes
GB49583	2.36	1.50	HPG	Royal	40s ribosomal protein s14	Protein synthesis
GB50709	2.00	1.22	HPG	Royal	40s ribosomal protein s19a‐like	Protein synthesis
GB45374	2.99	0.66	HPG	Royal	40s ribosomal protein s23‐like	Protein synthesis
GB50356	3.42	1.58	HPG	Royal	60s acidic ribosomal protein p2‐like	Protein synthesis
GB52789	2.61	1.80	HPG	Royal	60s ribosomal protein l22 isoform 1	Protein synthesis

Mean expression across conditions (i.e., mean normalized counts) is shown as Log10 expression for each gene, relative expression in royal nurse tissues vs. worker nurse tissues is shown as Log2 Fold Change, tissue (H = head tissue, MG = mandibular gland tissue), whether the gene was upregulated in royal nurses or worker nurses, annotation, inferred functional category, and whether the encoded protein has been identified in the royal jelly proteome and thus assumed to be secreted from nurse glands to the brood food.