Table 2.
Comparison of HFNC with other modalities for ventilatory support.
| NON-INVASIVE | INVASIVE | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HFNC | FM | CPAP | NEEP | CMV | |
| Max FiO2 | 1.0 | 0.5–0.6 | 1.0 | 0.5–0.6 | 1.0 |
| Ventilation effect | DV↓ | – | TV↑ | TV↑ | TV↑ |
| ITP | → ~ ↑ | → | ↑ | → ~ ↓ | ↑ |
| Application | Easy | Easy | Easy | Not easy | Not easy |
| Oral intake | Possible | Possible | Impossible | Impossible | Impossible |
| Discomfort | – | – | + | ++ | +++ |
Abbreviations: HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; FM, face mask; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; NEEP, negative extrathoracic end-expiratory pressure; CMV, conventional mechanical ventilation; Max FiO2, maximum possible fraction of oxygen; ITP, intrathoracic pressure; DV, dead-space volume; TV, tidal volume.