Table 2. Estimated risk of becoming a newly incident extra-medical user of prescription pain relievers, stratified by age at assessment and survey year-pair.
Age- and time-specific incidence estimates (A), 95% confidence intervals (B), and age-specific meta-analysis summary estimates. Data from Restricted-Use Data Analysis System subsamples of the National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, United States 2002–2013.
| Year pair | 12–13 y | 14–15 y | 16–17 y | 18–19 y | 20–21 y |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) Estimated risk of becoming a newly incident user (per 100) | |||||
| 2002–2003 | 1.3 | 4.4 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 3.5 |
| 2004–2005 | 1.4 | 3.7 | 5.9 | 4.9 | 3.7 |
| 2006–2007 | 1.2 | 3.4 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 3.3 |
| 2008–2009 | 1.1 | 3.9 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 3.4 |
| 2010–2011 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 2.8 |
| 2012–2013 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 3.0 |
| (B) 95% confidence intervals for estimates in (A) (per 100) | |||||
| 2002–2003 | 1.1, 1.5 | 4.1, 4.8 | 5.9, 6.8 | 5.2, 6.2 | 3.1, 3.9 |
| 2004–2005 | 1.2, 1.6 | 3.4, 4.0 | 5.5, 6.3 | 4.5, 5.4 | 3.3, 4.1 |
| 2006–2007 | 1.1, 1.4 | 3.1, 3.7 | 4.9, 5.6 | 5.2, 6.1 | 2.9, 3.7 |
| 2008–2009 | 0.9, 1.3 | 3.6, 4.2 | 4.9, 5.7 | 4.6, 5.4 | 3.1, 3.9 |
| 2010–2011 | 1.0, 1.3 | 2.9, 3.5 | 4.6, 5.3 | 3.9, 4.7 | 2.5, 3.2 |
| 2012–2013 | 0.7, 1.1 | 2.2, 2.9 | 3.4, 4.2 | 2.9, 3.8 | 2.5, 3.5 |
| Meta-analysis summary estimates & 95% confidence intervals (per 100)a | 1.2 (1.0, 1.3) | 3.5 (3.0, 4.0) | 5.2 (4.5, 5.9) | 4.8 (4.1, 5.5) | 3.3 (3.1, 3.5)b |
Notes.
a
Supplemental Information 4 provides additional information about I-squared.
b
Here, the I-squared statistic has 0.05 > p > 0.15 so the 95% CI are from ‘fixed effects’ estimation; the corresponding ‘Random Effects’ interval is 3.0, 3.6. All other meta-analytic 95% CI are from ‘random effects’ estimation (due to I-squared p < 0.05).