Table 3.

Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Youth-Onset T1D

Reference	Author(s)	Year	Number of Subjects	Age at Onset(yrs) Mean (Range)	Duration (yrs) Mean(Range)	Percent with Diabetic Retinopathy*
36	Malone et al	1984	74	“Youth”	4.9±3.3 (1–13)	BDR: 50 PDR: 14
37	Verrotti et al	1994	55	“Children & Adolescent”	6.9±3.1 (4.8–10)	BDR: 16.4
52	Kernell et al	1997	557	14.6	8.0	14.5
39	d’Annunzio et al	1997	100	8.3±3.5 (1.2–16.4)	10.4±1.9 (7.3–14.3)	28
40	Bognetti et al	1997	317	--	--	22.7
41	Holl et al	1998	441	“Children”	7.6±6.3	16.3
27,28	Olsen et al	1999	339	“Children & adolescent”	13.2	60
29	Skrivarhaug et al	2006	294	<15	24.3 (19.3–29.9)	BDP: 89.1 PDR: 10.9
30	Nordwall et al	2006	80	(7–21)	>13	27
42	Majaliwa et al	2007	99	(5–18)	4.76±3.58	22.7
46	Nordwall et al	2009	269	8.6±3.8	25.2±7.6	BDR: 49.6 PDR: 26.1
43	SEARCH	2012	222	<20	6.8±1.0	17
31	Salardi et al	2012	105	(16–40)	19.7	56.2
7	DCCT/EDIC	2010	156	13–18	~10 ~16	Severe BDR: 16.1 PDR: 9.7 CSME: 1.7 Severe BDR: 19.5 PDR: 18.2 CSME:6.9

^*BDR: Background or nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy; CSME: clinically-significant macular edema