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. 2015 Nov 24;85(21):1834–1842. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002151

Figure 1. Angiogenesis biomarkers in CSF of healthy controls, PDND, and PDD patients (cohort 1).

Figure 1

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (A), placental growth factor (PlGF) (B), sVEGFR-2 (C), angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) (D), VEGF/sVEGFR-1 ratio (E), and PlGF/sVEGFR-1 ratio (F) are altered in patients with Parkinson disease without dementia (PDND) and patients with Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD) compared to controls. Angiogenesis biomarkers were skewed and therefore ln-transformed before statistical analyses; p values are from analysis of covariance adjusting for age and sex as described in the Methods; data are presented as mean ± 95% confidence interval.