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. 2015 Nov 24;85(21):1834–1842. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002151

Figure 2. Angiogenesis biomarkers, blood–brain barrier, and WMLs in controls, PDND, and PDD (cohort 1).

Figure 2

(A) The CSF/plasma albumin ratio is higher in patients with Parkinson disease without dementia (PDND) and patients with Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD) than in controls. (B–E) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) are associated with the CSF/plasma albumin ratio and white matter lesions (WMLs) in patients with Parkinson disease. Angiogenesis biomarkers were skewed and therefore ln-transformed before statistical analyses; p values are from analysis of covariance (A) and from liner regression (B–E) adjusting for age and sex as described in the Methods; data in (A) are presented mean ± 95% confidence interval.