Table 3.
Age, BMI, and ghrelin levels per nutritional phase
| Age (years) | BMI (SDS) | AG (pg/ml) | UAG (pg/ml) | AG/UAG ratio | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Median | Range | Median | p* | Median | p* | Median | p* | Median | p* | |
| PWS | 138 | 9.9 | 0.2–29.4 | 1.0 | <0.001 | 129.1 | 0.016 | 135.3 | 0.868 | 1.00 | 0.001 |
| Nutritional phase 1a | 13 | 0.5 | 0.2–4.1 | −2.0 | 0.001 | 182.6 | 1.000 | 350.8 | 0.521 | 0.57 | 0.837 |
| Nutritional phase 1b | 37 | 8.9 | 0.6–22.3 | −0.6 | 0.167 | 161.0 | 0.022 | 252.0 | 0.180 | 0.72 | 0.225 |
| Nutritional phase 2a | 12 | 5.3 | 1.5–9.3 | 0.9 | <0.001 | 117.2 | 0.977 | 125.5 | 0.413 | 1.19 | 0.243 |
| Nutritional phase 2b | 44 | 11.2 | 2.2–29.4 | 1.6 | <0.001 | 114.4 | 0.020 | 120.1 | 0.848 | 1.05 | 0.002 |
| Nutritional phase 3 | 31 | 14.5 | 4.7–26.1 | 2.7 | <0.001 | 99.2 | 0.217 | 73.1 | 0.165 | 1.26 | 0.005 |
| Nutritional phase 4 | 1 | 14.6 | 3.2 | 56.1 | 596.8 | 0.09 | |||||
| Healthy controls | 39 | 7.3 | 0.8–28.6 | −0.2 | 82.4 | 157.3 | 0.61 | ||||
| Obese controls | 50 | 9.8 | 4.3–16.9 | 2.8 | <0.001 | 40.3 | 0.001 | 35.8 | <0.001 | 1.16 | <0.001 |
Bold values are statistically significant (p < 0.05)
* Compared with age-matched healthy controls (HC). Phase: 1a PWS n = 13 versus HC n = 8 (median age 1.4 years, median BMI -0.1 SDS), 1b PWS n = 37 versus HC n = 26 (8.5 years, −0.1 SDS), 2a PWS n = 12 versus HC n = 12 (5.2 years, −0.9 SDS), 2b PWS n = 44 versus HC n = 29 (9.0 years, 0.0 SDS), 3 PWS n = 31 verus HC n = 18 (13.9 years, 0.0 SDS)