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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015 Oct 13;157:44–53. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.10.007

Table 1.

Comparison of participant demographic characteristics and need for intervention at baseline by study arm, baseline through follow-ups

Baseline
 3 month follow-up
 6 month follow-up
 9 month follow-up
 12 month follow-up
Control
arm
 Treatment
arm
 Control
arm
 Treatment
arm
 Control
arm
 Treatment
arm
 Control
arm
 Treatment
arm
 Control
arm
 Treatment
arm
n=511
 n=515
 p-value n=321
 n=304
 p-value n=288
 n=296
 p-value n=299
 n=283
 p-value n=308
 n=289
 p-value
Demographic Characteristics p< p< p< p< p<
Median age (year [IQR]) 30 (24,43) 30 (23,42) 0.48 31 (25,44) 31 (24,44) 0.92 32 (25,44) 32 (24,44) 0.75 31 (25,44) 32 (23, 44) 0.35 31 (25, 44) 32 (24,42) 0.44
% % % % % % % % % %
Gender (female) 44.0 47.5 0.26 47.0 53.0 0.14 47.9 51.0 0.45 48.5 51.6 0.46 48.1 51.9 0.35
Race 0.58 0.15 0.11 0.65 0.75
White, non-Hispanic 57.8 55.8 64.8 55.9 64.2 54.1 60.9 54.8 61.0 57.1
Hispanic 10.3 8.7 7.8 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.7 8.1 8.4 7.3
Black/African-American, non-Hispanic 23.0 26.7 21.5 27.6 21.5 29.4 23.4 27.6 23.1 26.3
Other 9.0 8.7 3.7 5.6 9.0 9.1 8.1 9.5 7.4 9.3
Years of formal education 0.17 0.18 0.12 0.14 0.28
Less than 12 yrs 34.6 40.1 32.4 37.8 31.3 37.2 30.1 38.2 32.8 38.1
Grade 12 29.8 30.2 28.4 30.3 28.8 30.4 29.8 27.9 27.3 26.6
More than 12 yrs 35.6 29.7 39.2 32.0 40.0 32.4 30.1 33.9 40.0 35.3
Insurance status 0.95 0.74 0.89 0.71 0.79
Private 22.4 21.7 25.6 25.3 26.0 24.3 26.4 24.4 25.3 23.5
Governmental 38.9 39.7 38.0 40.8 39.9 40.9 38.5 41.7 38.6 41.2
None 38.7 38.6 36.5 33.9 34.0 34.8 35.1 33.9 36.0 35.3
Marital status 0.52 0.31 0.42 0.84 0.47
Married 12.1 11.8 15.9 13.2 16.0 12.2 13.0 14.1 13.0 13.8
Divorced/Widowed/Separated 14.6 17.8 12.2 16.5 13.5 17.2 13.7 15.9 13.3 17.7
Never married 52.5 51.6 52.0 48.4 49.3 50.0 52.8 50.2 52.9 48.4
Unmarried couple 20.8 18.8 20.0 22.0 21.2 20.6 20.4 19.8 20.8 20.0
Homelessness 0.72 0.19 0.31 0.93 0.69
Currently/Homeless in past year 19.7 21.7 15.6 21.1 16.3 21.3 17.8 18.4 18.1 20.8
Never homeless 80.4 78.3 84.4 79.0 83.7 78.7 82.3 81.6 81.8 79.2
Employment status 0.16 0.55 0.17 0.22 0.40
Employed 39.5 32.8 37.7 32.3 38.5 30.1 38.5 30.7 36.4 29.8
Disability 19.8 22.5 20.6 22.4 22.2 23.7 21.1 21.9 21.4 23.5
Student 7.8 8.0 9.4 9.5 7.6 9.8 8.7 11.7 9.4 10.4
Unemployed 32.9 36.8 32.4 35.9 31.6 36.5 31.8 35.7 32.8 36.3
Usual source of medical care 0.71 0.71 0.81 0.78 0.76
Private clinic 26.5 27.1 29.3 29.6 30.9 29.4 32.4 21.1 31.8 30.5
Hospital or community clinic 29.8 30.4 29.6 33.2 31.6 33.1 29.1 32.2 29.9 33.6
Emergency department or urgent care center 43.4 42.4 41.1 37.1 37.5 37.5 38.1 36.7 35.4 33.2
Intervention needed at baseline 0.81 0.48 0.82 0.83 0.73
Brief intervention 82.5 83.1 80.9 80.3 82.1 82.5 82.4 82.9 81.6 82.1
Intensive intervention 17.5 16.9 19.1 19.7 17.9 17.5 17.6 17.1 18.4 17.9

Key: IQR=Interquartile range; Control arm=No brief intervention arm; Treatment arm=Brief intervention arm