Table 2.

Regression of craving to smoke on cigarette POS marketing (displays, advertisements and promotions) and other covariates (n=947)

	Unadjusted β̂	p Value	Adjusted* β̂	p Value
POS
Displays	0.60	<0.001	0.33	<0.001
POS
Ads	0.63	<0.001	0.22	0.002
POS
Promotions	0.49	<0.001	0.14	0.06
HSI	0.38	<0.001	0.44	<0.001
Sex		<0.001		0.011
Male	−0.50		−0.47
Female	0		0
Age		<0.001		<0.001
18–24	0		0
25–39	−0.76		−0.58
40–54	−1.18		−0.68
55+	−2.48		−1.36
Race/ethnicity		<0.001		0.219
Non-Hispanic White	0		0
Non-Hispanic Black	0.89		0.02
Hispanic	1.87		0.75
Other	0.92		0.59
Income ($1000)	−0.03	<0.001	−0.01	0.005
Education		<0.001		0.003
Less than high school	0		0
High school graduate	−0.9		−0.54
Some college	−1.54		−0.98
College graduate	−2.7		−1.28
Frequency of visits to store		<0.001		<0.001
Sometimes	0		0
Frequently	1.5		0.81
Always	1.91		0.91
Method of recruitment		<0.001		<0.001
Random digit dialling	−1.66		−0.56
Other	0		0
R̄2			0.22

^*Adjusted for the effect of all covariates.

HSI, Heaviness of Smoking Index; POS, the point-of-sale.