Table 1.

Characteristics of United States, Civilian, Non-Institutionalized Adults by Past Year Non-Medical Use of Prescription Pain Medications, NSDUH 2008–2013 (N=228,556)

	Past Year Non-Medical Use of Prescription Pain Medications, % (N=16,846)	No Past Year Non-Medical Use (N=211,710)	P
Age (years)			<.001
18–25	34%	14%
26–34	25%	15%
35–49	25%	27%
50+	15%	44%
Male sex	56%	48%	<.001
Race/ethnicity			<.001
White	71%	67%
Black	9%	12%
Hispanic	14%	14%
Other racea	5%	7%
Insurance status			<.001
Private	54%	67%
Medicare/Medicaid	14%	14%
Other insuranceb	4%	4%
Uninsured	27%	15%
High school graduate	83%	86%	<.001
Unemployed	11%	5%	<.001
Fair/poor health status	14%	13%	0.22
Serious psychological distressc	28%	10%	<.001
Substance used
Other illicit SUD	7%	0.3%	<.001
Alcohol use disorder	29%	6%	<.001
Cannabis use disorder	11%	1%	<.001
Other prescription drug NMU	34%	2%	<.001
Nicotine dependence	33%	13%	<.001
Frequency of NMU
200–365 days	8%	---
100–199 days	10%	---
30–99 days	20%	---
1–29 days	62%	---
Past year opioid withdrawal symptoms	14%	---
Source of prescription pain medications
Physician	20%	---
Family or friends	65%	---
Other source	15%	---

NSDUH=National Survey on Drug Use and Health. NMU=Non-medical use. 228,556 respondents represent 231 million adults in the United States annually.

^aOther race was most commonly Asian (69% of category), more than 1 race (19%), Native American (7%), Native Hawaiian (5%).

^bOther insurance includes Tricare/Veterans Affairs/Champus (32% of category) and other health insurance (68%).

^cSerious psychological distress defined as a score ≥13 on K6 Psychological Distress Scale.

^dAbuse or dependence diagnoses based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition.

^eOther illicit drugs includes cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens and inhalants.

^fOther prescription drug’ includes sedatives, tranquilizers and stimulants.