Table 3.
Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with HIV infection among adult population in Ethiopia, 2011
| Independent risk factors | Crude OR with 95% CI | AOR with 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Wealth index | ||
| Poorest | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Poorer | 1.0 (0.58 to 1.83) | 0.9 (0.50 to 1.75) |
| Middle | 1.6 (0.97 to 2.72) | 1.7 (1.01 to 2.99)* |
| Richer | 2.4 (1.51 to 3.96)** | 2.3 (1.37 to 3.90)* |
| Richest | 9.6 (6.23 to 14.70)** | 4.1 (2.28 to 7.39)** |
| Residence | ||
| Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Urban | 6.4 (5.28 to 7.83)** | 1.8 (1.24 to 2.66)* |
| Administrative regions | ||
| Tigray | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Afar | 1.0 (0.36 to 2.66) | 2.0 (0.63 to 5.99) |
| Amhara | 0.9 (0.60 to 1.27) | 1.2 (0.80 to 1.91) |
| Oromia | 0.5 (0.37 to 0.79)* | 1.1 (0.73 to 1.78) |
| Somali | 0.8 (0.38 to 1.82) | 1.2 (0.47 to 3.27) |
| Benishangul-Gumuz | 0.7 (0.27 to 2.06) | 1.4 (0.47 to 4.24) |
| SNNPR | 0.57 (0.37 to 0.87)* | 1.0 (0.57 to 1.59) |
| Gambela | 3.8 (1.78 to 8.33)* | 4.1 (1.70 to 9.88)* |
| Harari | 1.6 (0.43 to 6.19) | 1.4 (0.33 to 5.97) |
| Addis Ababa | 2.9 (1.96 to 4.43)** | 1.5 (0.90 to 2.36) |
| Dire Dawa | 2.2 (0.82 to 6.04) | 1.5 (0.50 to 4.55) |
| Marital status | ||
| Never married | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Currently married | 3.3 (2.37 to 4.58)** | 1.5 (0.88 to 2.40) |
| Formerly married | 16.9 (11.94 to 24.07)** | 4.2 (2.48 to 7.16)** |
| Education | ||
| No formal education | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Primary education | 1.4 (1.12 to 1.73)* | 1.7 (1.32 to 2.26)** |
| Secondary and higher | 2.2 (1.68 to 2.85)** | 1.6 (1.11 to 2.36)* |
| Religion | ||
| Christian | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Muslim | 0.4 (0.29 to 0.51)** | 0.6 (0.41 to 0.83)* |
| Others including traditional religions | 0.8 (0.40 to 1.58) | 1.9 (0.82 to 4.19) |
| Lifetime sexual partners | ||
| Single | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Multiple | 4.1 (3.30 to 5.06)** | 3.4 (2.64 to 4.28)** |
| Age groups | ||
| 15–19 | 0.1 (0.07 to 0.24)** | 0.1 (0.02 to 0.66)* |
| 20–24 | 0.5 (0.31 to 0.77)* | 0.7 (0.42 to 1.20) |
| 25–29 | 1.5 (1.06 to 2.15)* | 1.7 (1.15 to 2.52)* |
| 30–34 | 2.0 (1.41 to 2.90)** | 2.0 (1.32 to 2.91)* |
| 35–39 | 2.2 (1.55 to 3.17)** | 2.1 (1.40 to 3.07)** |
| 40–44 | 1.4 (0.94 to 2.19) | 1.4 (0.89 to 2.21) |
| 45–49 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Occupation | ||
| Not working | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Corporate and general managers | 0.9 (0.12 to 6.42) | 1.0 (0.76 to 1.43) |
| Teaching and associate professions | 1.5 (0.78 to 2.99) | 0.2 (0.03 to 1.53) |
| Health and life science workers | 1.9 (0.57 to 6.04) | 0.5 (0.22 to 1.06) |
| Construction and engineering workers | 2.3 (0.44 to 11.81) | 0.7 (0.21 to 2.49) |
| Frontline service workers | 3.2 (2.08 to 5.02)** | 0.4 (0.05 to 3.95) |
| Sales workers | 2.1 (1.58 to 2.76)** | 0.7 (0.41 to 1.20) |
| Agricultural workers | 0.4 (0.26 to 0.52)** | 0.7 (0.45 to 1.13) |
| Daily labourers | 0.5 (0.36 to 0.82)** | 0.6 (0.35 to 0.87)* |
| Merchants | 4.3 (3.22 to 5.71)** | 1.8 (1.30 to 2.43)** |
| Mobile workers including drivers and operators | 4.6 (2.46 to 8.69)** | 1.1 (0.56 to 2.27) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 1.8 (1.49 to 2.24)** | 1.9 (1.44 to 2.63)** |
*p<0.01, **p<0.001.
AOR, adjusted OR; SNNPR, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region.