Table 4.

Prevalence and risk factors for depression in Dehradun district, Uttarakhand

Descriptive variable	Non-depressed N (%)	Depressed N (%)	p Value	Crude OR	95% CI	Adjusted OR	95% CI
Total	902 (94.0)	58 (6.0)
Sex
Male	460 (95.8)	20 (4.2)		1.0
Female	442 (92.1)	38 (7.9)	<0.001	2.0	1.1 to 3.5*	0.6	0.3 to 1.2
Age (years)
18–29	270 (96.4)	10 (3.6)		1.0
30–39	230 (93.5)	16 (6.5)		1.9	0.8 to 4.2
40–49	183 (91.0)	18 (7.0)		2.7*	1.2 to 5.9*
50–59	116 (93.5)	8 (6.5)		1.9	0.7 to 4.8
60 and over	103 (94.5)	6 (5.5)		1.6	0.6 to 4.4
Caste
General	557 (96.9)	18 (3.1)		1.0
OBC	137 (93.2)	10 (6.8)		2.3*	1.0 to 5.0*	2.1	0.9 to 4.8
SC/ST	208 (87.4)	30 (12.6)	<0.001	4.5*	2.4 to 8.2*	3.2*	1.7 to 6.2*
Religion
Hindu	755 (94.5)	44 (5.5)		1.0
Non-hindu	147 (91.3)	14 (8.7)		1.6	0.9 to 3.0
House type
Permanent	760 (96.0)	32 (4.0)		1.0
Temporary	142 (84.5)	26 (15.5)	<0.001	3.3*	1.9 to 5.7*	1.9*	1.0 to 3.5*
Loan in last 6 months
No	845 (95.1)	44 (4.9)		1.0
Yes	57 (80.3)	14 (19.7)	<0.001	4.7*	2.4 to 9.1*	3.0*	1.4 to 6.2*
Education status
Unschooled	135 (84.4)	25 (15.6)		6.8	2.3 to 19.9	3.7*	1.2 to 12.0*
Primary	168 (94.4)	10 (5.6)		2.2	0.7 to 7.0	2.0	0.6 to 7.1
Secondary	453 (96.0)	19 (4.0)		1.5	0.5 to 4.6	1.5	0.5 to 4.7
Graduate	146 (97.3)	4 (2.7)	<0.001	1.0
Employment
Professional/military	102 (92.7)	8 (7.3)		1.0
Self-employed	231 (97.5)	6 (2.5)		0.3*	0.1 to 0.98*
Unskilled manual	341 (93.9)	22 (6.1)		0.8	0.4 to 1.9
Unemployed	228 (91.2)	22 (8.8)	<0.05	1.2	0.5 to 2.9

*Signifies statistical significance.

SC, Scheduled Caste; ST, Scheduled Tribe; OBC, Other Backward Caste.