Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Top Dev Biol. 2015 Oct 1;115:59–84. doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.07.002

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Molecular regulation of palatal shelf growth and oronasal patterning. Schematic diagram of a coronal section of the developing palatal shelf, with the oral side to the left. Black arrows indicate positive regulation whereas red lines indicate repression. Shh is expressed in the palatal epithelium and positively regulates Fgf10 expression through the Osr2 transcription factor in the palatal mesenchyme. Fgf10 signals through the Fgfr2b receptor to maintain Shh expression in the palatal epithelium. Dlx5 activates Fgf7 expression in the palatal mesenchyme. Fgf7 and Shh represses the expression of each other such that Fgf7 expression is restricted in the nasal side of the palatal mesenchyme and Shh in the oral side of the palatal epithelium. Msx1 maintains Shh expression through Bmp4 in the anterior palate whereas Pax9 acts upstream of Bmp4, Fgf10, Msx1, and Osr2 in the palatal mesenchyme.