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. 2015 Nov 30;5:17252. doi: 10.1038/srep17252

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Time series of (a) the Australian winter wheat yields, (b) their year-to-year anomalous percentages (%) and (c) correlation coefficients with the three-month-running mean indices of IOD (DMI, red line), canonical ENSO (Niño3, blue line) and ENSO Modoki (EMI, gray line). The correlation coefficients significant at the 95% confidence level are marked by the open squares in c. The September-November DMI (red, ˚C), November-January Niño3 (blue, ˚C) and June-August EMI (gray, ˚C) are superimposed in b after multiplied by 15. Years in the X axis in a-b denote the years when the wheat is sowed.