Figure 5. Global volcanic eruption history over the last 80 ka, based on data in the LaMEVE database, and ice volume conditions.

(a) Number of Magnitude ≥6 (Pinatubo-sized or larger) NH and SH eruptions per two millennia from present to 80 ka BP. The low number of known SH volcanic eruptions prior to the last two ka reflects a significant undercount in known eruptions. (b) Latitude and ages of known Magnitude ≥6 volcanic eruptions from present to 80 ka BP³⁶. (c) A histogram of abrupt Greenland warming events³⁷, the Red Sea sea level reconstruction (interpreted as reflecting global ice volume)³⁸ (solid black line), and 65°N insolation³⁵ (dashed blue line). Intervals characterised by high ice volume and low insolation hypothesised as relatively insensitive to SH eruptions are highlighted in blue; intervals with very low ice volume lacking the positive feedback required to sufficiently amplify volcanic eruptions are highlighted in orange.