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Schematic representation of TRAIL pro-apoptotic proximal signaling regulation. Apoptosis induced by TRAIL is initiated through homo/or hetero-oligomerization of DR4 and/or DR5 and subsequent chain assembly of initiator caspases (1). Proximal activation of caspase-8 by these receptors can be inhibited by TRAIL antagonistic receptors DcR2 (2), DcR1, and OPG (3), as well as by the cellular caspase-8 inhibitor, c-FLIP (4) (see text for explanations).
