Table 1.

Summary of studies characterising the impact of omega-3 PUFAs on skeletal muscle metabolism.

Study	Model	Protocol	Key findings
Smith et al. (2011) [63]	Human	8 weeks, 1.86 g EPA, 1.5 g DHA daily	Augmented MPS and enahnced mTOR and p70S6K1 signalling in response to a hyperaminoacidemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp in young volunteer.
Smith et al. (2011) [62]	Human	8 weeks, 1.86 g EPA, 1.5 g DHA daily	Augmented MPS and enhanced mTOR and p70S6K1 signalling in response to hyperaminoacidemia-hyperinsulinemia in elderly volunteers.
Rodacki et al. (2012) [11]	Human	60 days pre training and 90 days during training, 0.4 g EPA, 0.3 g DHA	potententiated training increase in peak torque and rate of torque development (Knee extensor,flexor,plantar and dorsiflexor).
Smith et al. (2015) [10]	Human	6 months, 1.8 g EPA, 1.5 g DHA daily	Ameliorated age related declines in lean muscle mass. Increased hand grip strength and 1-RM muscle strength.
You et al. (2010) [59]	Rodent	14 days enriched with 5% cod liver oil followed by 14 days immobilisation	Reduced Myosin heavy chain loss during 14 days of hindlimb immobilsation.
Kamolrat et al. (2013) [81]	Rodent	8 weeks of choclate derived sweets, 49.6% EPA, 50.4% DHA	Increased phosphorylation of Pi3K and p70S6K1 during aminoacidemic-insulinemic clamp.
Gingras et al. (2007) [82]	Steers	5 weeks infusion 4% menhaden oil	Enhanced insulin action alongside an increase in amino acid disposal plus increased mTOR-p70S6K1 in response to hyperinsulinemic-euglycaemic-euaminoacidemic clamp.