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. 2015 Nov 5;7(11):9139–9153. doi: 10.3390/nu7115459

Table 2.

Grams per day of key foods and food groups in the Mediterranean diet, in order of date data was collected, including mean ± SD.

Food Groups
Reference Study Type/Notes Years of Data Collection Bread All Cereals 1 Legumes Potato All Vegetables 2 Fruits/Nuts Meat/Meat Products 3 Cheese All Dairy 4 Eggs Olive Oil Fish 5
Alberti-Fidanza and Fidanza (2004) [39] 6 Observational study, Italian cohort, 1960s. Based on WFRs. Male adults only 1960 NR 488 49 NR 344 101 53 15 48 20 NR 42
Alberti-Fidanza and Fidanza (2004) [39] Observational study, Italian cohort, 1960s. Based on WFRs. Female adults only 1960 NR 348 36 NR 274 76 29 12 49 11 NR 30
Kromhout et al., (1989) [16] Observational study, Greek cohort 1960s. Based on 7-d WFRs 1960–1965 415 452.5 30 170 361 463 35 13.5 165.5 15 80 39
Kromhout et al., (1989) [16] Observational study, Italian cohort, 1960s. Based on 7-d WFRs 1960–1969 353 513 5.5 43 210 109.5 119.5 28.5 223.5 46.5 60.5 28.5
Varela-Moreiras et al., (2010) [23] 6,7 Observational study, Spanish cohort, based on FFQs 1964 368 434 20.2 300 451 155 77 NR ∼229 NR ∼68 63
Trichopoulou et al., (1995) [8] 8 Observational study, Greek cohort. Based on FFQs 1988–1990 NR 288 60.5 NR 286 264 112.5 NR 246 NR NR NR
de Logeril et al., (1994) [24] Intervention study. MedDiet vs. advice from hospital dietitians. Based on 24-h recalls 1988–1992 167 261 19.9 NR 316 251 105.0 32.2 NR NR 15.7 46.5
Kouris-Blazos et al., (1999) [25] Observational study, Greek-Australians. Based on FFQs 1990–1992 NR 353 86 NR 252 246 190 NR 246 NR NR NR
Guallar-Castillon et al., (2012) [26] Observational study, Spanish middle-age adults. Based on FFQs 1992–1996 NR 230 52 79 334 325 126 27 297 26 20 63
Buckland et al., (2009) [27] 9 Observational study, Spanish adults. Based on FFQs 1992–1996 NR 198.2 52.2 NR 269.3 353.3 128.0 NR 323.8 NR 20.7 61.1
Trichopoulou et al., (2003) [11] Observational study, Greek cohort. Based on FFQs. Males only. 1994–1999 NR 191.0 10.4 98.9 682.5 393.0 129.3 NR 222.6 19.0 46.2 26.4
Trichopoulou et al., (2003) [11] Observational study, Greek cohort. Based on FFQs. Females only. 1994–1999 NR 145.7 7.9 73.5 609.6 385.7 94.9 NR 216.2 15.7 38.9 21.7
Itsiopoulos et al., (2011) [28] Intervention study MedDiet vs. HabDiet. Based on 7-day diet records 1998–2001 190 263 56 116 582 307 45 25 126 19 65 37
Vincent-Baudry et al., (2005) [29] Intervention study. MedDiet vs. low fat diet. Based on 3-d WFR 1998–2002 NR 200 NR NR 350 303 150 NR 200 NR 20 100
Varela-Moreiras et al., (2010) [23] 6 Observational study, Spanish cohort. Based on FFQs 2000–2006 NR 221.1 12.6 NR 302.1 298.6 182.0 NR 398.1 34.7 49.5 98.4
Mean 298.6 305.8 35.6 125.8 374.9 268.7 105.1 21.9 213.6 23.0 44.0 50.5
SD 112.3 118.5 24.3 86.5 142.0 115.0 49.9 8.2 96.2 11.2 22.7 25.6

1 All cereals group includes all refined and whole grain products reported, including bread; 2 All vegetables including potatoes; 3 Meat/Meat products group includes all unprocessed and processed red meat, white meat and delicatessen meats unless otherwise specified; 4 All dairy includes cheese, milk and milk products, and yoghurt as reported; 5 Fish includes oily fish, non-oily fish and shellfish; 6 Fruit and nuts group includes fruit only; 7 Meat/meat products includes chicken only; 8 Original data presented as mean daily consumption in grams adjusted for energy, separated into survivors and dead. Average presented; 9 Intakes divided into tertiles of MedDiet score, average of three tertiles used. Mean of both genders reported. Originally reported as g/1000 Calories, converted to total by (grams*(total Calories/1000)). WFR, weighed food record; NR, not reported; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire.