Table 4.

Odds ratios (and 95% CIs) for risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to the tertiles of dietary pattern score derived from reduced rank regression (n = 249).

	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3	p Trend
“High Refined Grains, Fats, Oils and Fruit Juice” Pattern
GDM/pregnancies	8/83	11/83	15/83
Model 1	1.0	1.1 (0.3–3.9)	3.7 (0.9–15.7)	0.09
Model 2	1.0	1.7 (0.5–5.8)	5.1 (1.1–24.0) *	0.04
Model 3	1.0	1.3 (0.5–3.7)	4.9 (1.4–17.3) *	0.009
Model 4	1.0	1.4 (0.4–4.5)	4.9 (1.4–17.0) *	0.007
“High Nuts, Seeds, Fat and Soybean; Low Milk and Cheese” Pattern
GDM/pregnancies	9/83	11/83	14/83
Model 1	1.0	4.7 (1.9–11.5) *	5.2 (2.2–12.2) *	0.004
Model 2	1.0	4.2 (1.6–11.1) *	5.7 (2.1–15.2) *	0.001
Model 3	1.0	5.5 (2.5–12.1) *	8.2 (1.8–37.4) *	0.01
Model 4	1.0	5.3 (2.3–12.2) *	7.5 (1.8–32.3) *	0.009
“High Added Sugar and Organ Meats; Low Fruits, Vegetables and Seafood” Pattern
GDM/pregnancies	5/83	8/83	21/83
Model 1	1.0	1.7 (0.4–7.0)	15.4 (4.5–52.0) *	0.0004
Model 2	1.0	2.2 (0.3–14.1)	20.0 (4.2–95.9) *	0.0004
Model 3	1.0	2.9 (0.6–13.1)	21.1 (4.0–109.8) *	<0.0001
Model 4	1.0	3.2 (0.7–15.7)	22.3 (3.9–127.4) *	<0.0001

Model 1: Crude association between dietary patterns and gestational diabetes mellitus; Model 2: Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, family poverty income ratio, education level, and marital status. Model 3: Adjusted for model 2 + energy intake, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), and gestational weight gain. Model 4: Adjusted for model 3 + log-transformed C-reactive protein (CRP); * p < 0.05.