Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of Spanish Food4Me volunteers included in the study.
| Variable | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Categorized by Gender | Categorized by Age | |||||||||||
| Female | Male | p 1 | ≤37 years | ≤37 years | p 1 | |||||||
| n | 617 | 368 | 249 | - | 315 | 304 | - | |||||
| Age (years) | 38.3 ± 9.6 | 37.9 ± 9.5 | 38.9 ± 9.8 | 30.7 ± 4.5 | 46.1 ± 7.0 | - | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 ± 4.5 | 24.9 ± 4.7 | 27.1 ± 3.7 | *** | 24.7 ± 4.2 | 26.9 ± 4.4 | *** | |||||
| BMI status (% of n) | ||||||||||||
| Normal weight | 48.8% | 59.8% | 32.5% | *** 3 | 61.2% | 36.0% | *** 3 | |||||
| Overweight | 35.0% | 25.5% | 49.0% | 29.0% | 41.3% | |||||||
| Obese | 16.2% | 14.7% | 18.5% | 9.9% | 22.8% | |||||||
| Physical activity factor | 1.50 ± 4.47 | 1.48 ± 0.08 | 1.52 ± 0.11 | *** | 1.51 ± 0.10 | 1.48 ± 0.09 | ** | |||||
| Energy (kcal) | 2651 ± 796 | 2472 ± 759 | 2916 ± 777 | *** | 2632 ± 798 | 2670 ± 795 | ||||||
| EIR:BMR ratio 2 | 1.74 ± 0.50 | 1.82 ± 0.53 | 1.61 ± 0.42 | *** | 1.74 ± 0.50 | 1.73 ± 0.49 | ||||||
| Fat (% of energy) | 35.7 ± 6.4 | 36.3 ± 6.2 | 34.8 ± 6.6 | ** | 35.7 ± 6.0 | 35.7 ± 6.7 | ||||||
| Saturated fat (% of energy) | 13.1 ± 2.8 | 13.3 ± 2.7 | 12.8 ± 2.9 | * | 13.2 ± 2.8 | 13.0 ± 2.8 | ||||||
| Monounsaturated fat (% of energy) | 14.8 ± 3.7 | 15.2 ± 3.8 | 14.3 ± 3.4 | ** | 14.8 ± 3.5 | 14.9 ± 3.9 | ||||||
| Polyunsaturated fat (% of energy) | 5.3 ± 1.3 | 5.4 ± 1.4 | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 5.3 ± 1.3 | 5.3 ± 1.4 | |||||||
| Omega 3 acids (% of energy) | 0.82 ± 0.24 | 0.84 ± 0.25 | 0.78 ± 0.23 | ** | 0.81 ± 0.24 | 0.82 ± 0.24 | ||||||
| Protein (% of energy) | 19.2 ± 4.0 | 19.4 ± 4.1 | 19.0 ± 3.7 | 19.5 ± 4.0 | 19.0 ± 3.9 | |||||||
| Carbohydrate (% of energy) | 44.7 ± 8.5 | 44.7 ± 8.4 | 44.7 ± 8.7 | 44.4 ± 7.8 | 45.0 ± 9.2 | |||||||
| Sugar (% of energy) | 21.2 ± 6.8 | 21.9 ± 7.1 | 20.1 ± 6.3 | ** | 21.2 ± 6.3 | 21.1 ± 7.4 | ||||||
| Alcohol (% of energy) | 3.0 ± 3.8 | 2.1 ± 2.6 | 4.2 ± 4.8 | *** | 2.8 ± 3.7 | 3.1 ± 3.9 | ||||||
| Salt (g) | 7.7 ± 3.0 | 7.1 ± 2.8 | 8.6 ± 3.2 | *** | 7.6 ± 3.0 | 7.8 ± 3.0 | ||||||
| Dietary fibre (g/1000 kcal) | 10.6 ± 3.7 | 11.0 ± 3.8 | 10.0 ± 3.3 | *** | 10.4 ± 3.6 | 10.8 ± 3.7 | ||||||
| Disease prevalence (% of n) 4 | 54.5% | 57.1% | 50.6% | 3 | 49.0% | 60.1% | ** 3 | |||||
| Prescribed medication (% of n) | 29.0% | 31.8% | 24.9% | 3 | 23.6% | 34.7% | ** 3 | |||||
| Supplement user (% of n) | 21.2% | 25.3% | 15.3% | ** 3 | 21.0% | 21.5% | 3 | |||||
| Smoke (% of n) | 16.9% | 16.6% | 17.3% | 3 | 20.4% | 13.2% | * 3 | |||||
1 p values for t-test analysis: * for p < 0.05; ** for p < 0.01 *** for p < 0.001. 2 EIR:BMR, Energy Intake Reported to Basal Metabolic Rate ratio. 3 p values for chi square analisys. 4 Disease prevalence refers to the participant’s self-reporting in the online questionnaire of suffering from any non-communicable disease (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidaemia, osteoporosis…)