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. 2015 Nov 30;5:16773. doi: 10.1038/srep16773

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(a) STEM HAADF image of biochar with organomineral layer; (b) Fe-L_2,3 EELS spectra (background stripped) were obtained from the points marked in (a). The EELS 1 spectrum is characteristic of haematite (Fe III). The spectrum from EELS 2 (red line) shows a pronounced low energy shoulder, suggesting a mixed (II–III) valence state. Note: peak maxima aligned at 709 eV for comparison.