Table 4.
Mean Annual Incidence of Pneumococcal Meningitis at Eight Surveillance Sites, According to Age Group, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Years (1998–2005).*
| Susceptibility and Age | 1998–1999 | 2000–2001 | 2002–2003 | 2004–2005 | 2004–2005 vs. 1998–1999 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Cases |
Cases per 100,000 Persons |
No. of Cases |
Cases per 100,000 Persons |
P Value | No. of Cases |
Cases per 100,000 Persons |
P Value | No. of Cases |
Cases per 100,000 Persons |
P Value | Relative Difference in Incidence |
Absolute Difference in Incidence |
|
| % |
percentage points |
||||||||||||
| Penicillin nonsusceptible | |||||||||||||
| All ages | 106 | 0.32 | 100 | 0.28 | 0.44 | 70 | 0.19 | 0.002 | 69 | 0.19 | 0.001 | −41.1 | −0.13 |
| Age group | |||||||||||||
| <2 yr | 36 | 3.93 | 22 | 2.29 | 0.05 | 8 | 0.80 | <0.001 | 14 | 1.39 | 0.001 | −64.8 | −2.55 |
| 2–4 yr | 6 | 0.44 | 12 | 0.85 | 0.24 | 1 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 2 | 0.13 | 0.16 | −69.5 | −0.31 |
| 5–17 yr | 2 | 0.03 | 6 | 0.09 | 0.29 | 4 | 0.06 | 0.69 | 5 | 0.08 | 0.46 | 130.5 | 0.04 |
| 18–39 yr | 22 | 0.20 | 10 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 8 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 11 | 0.10 | 0.05 | −51.6 | −0.10 |
| 40–64 yr | 21 | 0.21 | 33 | 0.30 | 0.22 | 33 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 28 | 0.23 | 0.78 | 9.5 | 0.02 |
| ≥65 yr | 19 | 0.50 | 17 | 0.44 | 0.74 | 16 | 0.41 | 0.61 | 9 | 0.22 | 0.06 | −55.2 | −0.28 |
| Meropenem nonsusceptible | |||||||||||||
| All ages | 73 | 0.22 | 62 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 42 | 0.12 | 0.001 | 29 | 0.08 | <0.001 | −64.0 | −0.14 |
| Age group | |||||||||||||
| <2 yr | 29 | 3.17 | 15 | 1.56 | 0.02 | 5 | 0.50 | <0.001 | 5 | 0.50 | <0.001 | −84.4 | −2.67 |
| 2–4 yr | 5 | 0.37 | 7 | 0.50 | 0.77 | 1 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 1 | 0.07 | 0.11 | −81.7 | −0.30 |
| 5–17 yr | 2 | 0.03 | 5 | 0.08 | 0.46 | 4 | 0.06 | 0.69 | 2 | 0.03 | 1.00 | −7.8 | 0.00 |
| 18–39 yr | 12 | 0.11 | 5 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 4 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 4 | 0.03 | 0.05 | −67.7 | −0.07 |
| 40–64 yr | 14 | 0.14 | 19 | 0.17 | 0.60 | 21 | 0.18 | 0.50 | 15 | 0.12 | 0.85 | −12.0 | 0.02 |
| ≥65 yr | 11 | 0.29 | 11 | 0.29 | 1.00 | 7 | 0.18 | 0.35 | 2 | 0.05 | 0.01 | −82.8 | −0.24 |
| Cefotaxime nonsusceptible | |||||||||||||
| All ages | 52 | 0.16 | 43 | 0.12 | 0.26 | 28 | 0.08 | 0.002 | 23 | 0.06 | <0.001 | −60.0 | −0.09 |
| Age group | |||||||||||||
| <2 yr | 21 | 2.30 | 11 | 1.14 | 0.08 | 2 | 0.20 | <0.001 | 5 | 0.50 | 0.001 | −78.4 | −1.80 |
| 2–4 yr | 5 | 0.37 | 4 | 0.28 | 0.75 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 1 | 0.07 | 0.11 | −81.7 | −0.30 |
| 5–17 yr | 2 | 0.03 | 4 | 0.06 | 0.69 | 3 | 0.05 | 1.00 | 2 | 0.03 | 1.00 | −7.8 | 0.00 |
| 18–39 yr | 11 | 0.10 | 4 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 1 | 0.01 | 0.003 | 4 | 0.03 | 0.07 | −64.8 | −0.06 |
| 40–64 yr | 7 | 0.07 | 12 | 0.11 | 0.37 | 17 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 10 | 0.08 | 0.81 | 17.3 | 0.01 |
| ≥65 yr | 6 | 0.16 | 8 | 0.21 | 0.79 | 5 | 0.13 | 0.77 | 1 | 0.02 | 0.06 | −84.2 | −0.13 |
The eight Active Bacterial Core surveillance areas were in California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, New York, Oregon, and Tennessee. All P values are two-sided and were calculated for exact comparisons of the 2-year interval with the baseline interval (1998–1999). Minimal inhibitory concentration breakpoints for susceptible strains, strains of intermediate susceptibility, and resistant strains were (in micrograms per milliliter): 0.06 or less, 0.12 to 1.00, and 2.00 or more, respectively, for penicillin; 0.25 or less, 0.50, and 1.00 or more for meropenem; and 0.50 or less, 1.00, and 2.00 or more for cefotaxime.