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3-Hydroxypropionate (3HP)/4-Hydroxybutyrate (4HB) Carbon Fixation Cycle from Metallosphaera sedula, highlighting the portion of the cycle for 3HP production. The first step requires carboxylation of acetyl-CoA via acetyl-CoA carboxylase with bicarbonate as substrate, followed by two reductions to form 3HP. Enzyme abbreviations: ACC – Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; MCR – Malonyl-CoA reductase; MSR – Malonate semialdehyde reductase (Table 1).
