Table 2.
All-Cause Mortality in Participants With Information on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Other Characteristics
| Disease Status at Baseline | No. of Participants | No. of Deaths | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age and Sex | Age, Sex, and Smoking |
Age, Sex, Smoking, and Intermediate Risk Factors |
Age, Sex, Smoking, Intermediate Risk Factors, and Other Lifestyle Factors |
|||
| Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (68 Studies, 355 639 Participants, 47 067 Deaths)a | ||||||
| Diabetes, stroke, and MI | 260 | 165 | 6.2 (5.1–7.4) | 6.3 (5.2–7.5) | 6.0 (5.0–7.1) | |
| Stroke and MI | 921 | 517 | 3.7 (3.1–4.3) | 3.8 (3.2–4.4) | 3.7 (3.2–4.4) | |
| Diabetes and stroke | 654 | 334 | 3.7 (3.3–4.2) | 3.9 (3.4–4.4) | 3.6 (3.2–4.1) | |
| Diabetes and MI | 1827 | 930 | 3.6 (3.1–4.0) | 3.8 (3.3–4.4) | 3.6 (3.2–4.1) | |
| MI | 12 141 | 4270 | 2.0 (1.9–2.1) | 2.0 (1.9–2.2) | 2.0 (1.9–2.2) | |
| Stroke | 4357 | 1530 | 2.1 (1.9–2.2) | 2.0 (1.9–2.2) | 2.0 (1.8–2.1) | |
| Diabetes | 12 887 | 3629 | 1.9 (1.7–2.0) | 1.9 (1.8–2.0) | 1.8 (1.7–1.9) | |
| None | 322 592 | 35 692 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | |
| UK Biobank (491 424 Participants, 7688 Deaths)b | ||||||
| Diabetes, stroke, and MI | 218 | 26 | 5.8 (3.9–8.5) | 5.2 (3.5–7.7) | 4.9 (3.3–7.2) | 4.9 (3.3–7.2) |
| Stroke and MI | 638 | 51 | 3.6 (2.7–4.7) | 3.2 (2.5–4.3) | 3.1 (2.4–4.1) | 3.1 (2.3–4.0) |
| Diabetes and stroke | 919 | 75 | 3.9 (3.1–4.9) | 3.8 (3.0–4.8) | 3.6 (2.9–4.5) | 3.6 (2.8–4.5) |
| Diabetes and MI | 1943 | 190 | 4.3 (3.7–5.0) | 4.2 (3.6–4.8) | 4.0 (3.4–4.6) | 3.9 (3.4–4.5) |
| MI | 8572 | 407 | 2.1 (1.9–2.3) | 2.0 (1.8–2.3) | 2.0 (1.8–2.2) | 2.0 (1.8–2.2) |
| Stroke | 6632 | 259 | 2.1 (1.8–2.4) | 2.0 (1.8–2.3) | 2.0 (1.7–2.2) | 1.9 (1.7–2.2) |
| Diabetes | 17 928 | 504 | 1.6 (1.5–1.8) | 1.6 (1.5–1.8) | 1.5 (1.4–1.7) | 1.5 (1.4–1.7) |
| None | 454 574 | 6176 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
Abbreviation: MI, myocardial infarction.
a
The intermediate risk factors available were body mass index; systolic blood pressure; and high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol.
b
The intermediate risk factors available were body mass index and systolic blood pressure. Other lifestyle factors available were socioeconomic status (defined as education level) and diet (defined as self-reported consumption of meat and fruit).