Table S1.

Permeability scores for the land-cover classes present in the study areas

Dataset	Land-cover class	Permeability
GLC2000	Mangrove	80
	Mosaic forest/croplands	70
	Mosaic forest/savanna	80
	Deciduous woodland	60
	Deciduous shrubland with sparse trees	40
	Open grassland with sparse shrubs	20
	Open grassland	10
	Swamp bushland and grassland	30
	Croplands (>50%)	10
	Croplands with open woody vegetation	25
	Irrigated croplands	5
	Bare rock	0
	Salt hardpans	0
	Waterbodies	0
	Cities	0
Globcover 2006	Postflooding or irrigated croplands (or aquatic)	5
	Rainfed croplands	5
	Mosaic cropland (50–70%)/vegetation (grassland/shrubland/forest) (20–50%)	10
	Mosaic vegetation (grassland/shrubland/forest) (50–70%)/cropland (20–50%)	30
	Closed to open (>15%) broadleaved evergreen or semideciduous forest (>5 m)	60
	Open (15–40%) broadleaved deciduous forest/woodland (>5 m)	50
	Mosaic forest or shrubland (50–70%)/grassland (20–50%)	60
	Mosaic grassland (50–70%)/forest or shrubland (20–50%)	30
	Closed to open (>15%) (broadleaved or needle-leaved, evergreen, or deciduous) shrubland (<5 m)	30
	Closed to open (>15%) herbaceous vegetation (grassland, savannas, or lichens/mosses)	15
	Sparse (<15%) vegetation	5
	Closed (>40%) broadleaved forest or shrubland permanently flooded, saline or brackish water	60
	Artificial surfaces and associated areas (urban areas >50%)	0
	Bare areas	0
	Water bodies	0