A. Treatment scheme of the vitamin D intervention study in the NTCU model. B. Representative H&E staining of the premalignant lesions induced by NTCU in the large airways after 15 μmol & 25 μmol of NTCU: Examples are shown of normal airway epithelium in the S and D groups, the LGD induced by 15 μmol NTCU in the SN, SN+C, and DN +C groups, and HGD that develops in the DN group. LGD remained the most frequent lesion present after treatment with 25 μmol of NTCU in the SN, SN+C and DN +C groups (represented here), whereas mice in the DN group had a greater percentage of surface area of airway occupied by HGD lesion (represented here). (Magnification: 400×)