Table 1.

Baseline characteristics and psychological evaluation of study subjects

	No exposure (n=364)	Prenatal exposure (n=274)	Infant exposure (n=269)	P-value*
Age, mean ± SD (years)	37.02±1.36	38.00±1.16**	38.72±2.27	<0.001
Male, n (%)	316 (87.05)	245 (89.42)	236 (88.06)	0.660
High school diploma or higher, n (%)	330 (90.66)	235 (85.77)	232 (86.25)	0.108
LES scores, mean ± SD	22.51±22.33	20.87±22.83	21.88±22.35	0.433
CTQ scores, mean ± SD
Emotional abuse	5.80±1.96	5.79±2.23	5.80±1.82	0.358
Emotional neglect	8.88±3.86	9.25±4.08	8.72±3.46	0.586
Sexual abuse	5.47±2.09	5.43±1.86	5.45±1.47	0.668
Physical neglect	7.79±3.39	8.12±2.78**	7.54±2.57	0.022
Physical abuse	5.55±1.69	5.51±1.93	5.57±1.56	0.097
Total CTQ scores	33.73±12.41	34.07±8.76	33.12±7.84	0.374

Notes:

^*Represents comparison of three groups;

^**represents P<0.05 when compared with the no exposure and infant exposure groups.

Abbreviations: LES, Life Event Scale; CTQ, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; SD, standard deviation.