Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics, Rates of Rehospitalization, and χ2 Statistics for Differences in Rehospitalization Rates Among Demographic, Service Utilization, and Diagnostic Variables
| Variable | Total Sample |
Rate of Rehospitalization |
||||
| % | n | % | n | χ2 Value | P Value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, y | ||||||
| 18–24 | 17.8 | 9,505 | 12.7 | 1,225 | 86.87 | < .0001 |
| 25–44 | 32.2 | 17,232 | 11.1 | 1,916 | ||
| 45–64 | 33.8 | 18,061 | 10.5 | 1,911 | ||
| 65+ | 16.2 | 8,651 | 12.4 | 748 | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 50.4 | 26,971 | 10.9 | 2,933 | 0.15 | .93 |
| Male | 49.6 | 26,554 | 10.8 | 2,879 | ||
| Highest level of education | ||||||
| None | 1.4 | 744 | 10.2 | 76 | 16.2 | .003 |
| Elementary or secondary | 46.7 | 24,990 | 11.3 | 2,814 | ||
| Postsecondary | 34.3 | 18,383 | 10.4 | 1,908 | ||
| Graduate | 3.8 | 2,038 | 9.1 | 186 | ||
| Unknown | 13.8 | 7,383 | 11.2 | 829 | ||
| Employment status | ||||||
| Employed | 30.1 | 16,136 | 9.6 | 1,541 | 40.8 | < .0001 |
| Unemployed/not able to work | 69.9 | 37,402 | 11.4 | 4,272 | ||
| Reports having no confidant | ||||||
| Yes | 14.0 | 7,520 | 11.7 | 882 | 6.9 | .009 |
| No | 86.0 | 46,018 | 10.7 | 4,931 | ||
| Has a partner/spouse | ||||||
| Yes | 33.6 | 17,987 | 9.6 | 1,733 | 41.86 | < .0001 |
| No | 66.4 | 35,551 | 11.5 | 4,080 | ||
| Homeless | ||||||
| Yes | 2.0 | 1,049 | 14.3 | 150 | 13.1 | .0003 |
| No | 98.0 | 52,489 | 10.8 | 5,663 | ||
| Living arrangement | ||||||
| Alone | 28.1 | 15,016 | 11.3 | 1,699 | 8.17 | .0042 |
| With othersa | 71.9 | 38,522 | 10.5 | 4,031 | ||
| Prior psychiatric admissions | ||||||
| Last 2 years | ||||||
| None | 82.2 | 44,001 | 10.3 | 4,545 | 92.5 | < .0001 |
| 1 or 2 | 15.2 | 8,135 | 12.7 | 1,032 | ||
| 3 or more | 2.6 | 1,402 | 16.8 | 236 | ||
| Lifetime | ||||||
| None | 60.2 | 32,242 | 9.6 | 3,103 | 154.6 | < .0001 |
| 1 to 2 | 30.4 | 16,296 | 12.1 | 1,975 | ||
| 3 to 5 | 5.0 | 2,696 | 14.3 | 386 | ||
| 6 or more | 4.3 | 2,304 | 15.1 | 349 | ||
| Diagnostic variables | ||||||
| DSM-IV Diagnostic categories | ||||||
| Mood | 43.2 | 23,113 | 11.7 | 2,705 | 30.0 | < .0001 |
| Schizophrenia, other psychosis | 22.0 | 11,791 | 13.1 | 1,545 | 78.8 | < .0001 |
| Delirium, dementia, cognitive | 6.7 | 3,583 | 8.1 | 290 | 30.3 | < .0001 |
| Anxiety | 4.3 | 2,297 | 10.6 | 243 | 0.19 | .66 |
| Personality | 1.3 | 694 | 12.7 | 88 | 2.4 | .12 |
| Substance use | 15.8 | 8,456 | 6.9 | 588 | 158 | < .0001 |
| Secondary mental health diagnosis | ||||||
| Yes | 40.1 | 21,423 | 11.2 | 2,411 | 5.8 | .01 |
| No | 59.9 | 32,115 | 10.6 | 3,402 | ||
| Secondary substance use diagnosis | ||||||
| Yes | 10.6 | 5,698 | 12.7 | 726 | 17.5 | < .0001 |
| No | 89.4 | 47,840 | 10.5 | 5,004 | ||
| Clinical status | ||||||
| Involuntary admission | ||||||
| Yes | 17.7 | 9,464 | 12.2 | 1,157 | 22.2 | < .0001 |
| No | 82.3 | 44,074 | 10.6 | 4,656 | ||
| Reason for admission | ||||||
| Threat or danger to self | ||||||
| Yes | 47.8 | 25,568 | 12.3 | 3,153 | 109.9 | < .0001 |
| No | 52.2 | 27,970 | 9.5 | 2,660 | ||
| Threat or danger to others | ||||||
| Yes | 16.0 | 8,582 | 11.6 | 998 | 6.28 | .012 |
| No | 84.0 | 44,956 | 10.7 | 4,815 | ||
| Insight into mental health | ||||||
| Full | 22.0 | 11,754 | 9.8 | 1,157 | 20.6 | < .0001 |
| Limited | 57.8 | 30,960 | 10.9 | 3,390 | ||
| None | 20.2 | 10,824 | 11.7 | 1,266 | ||
a
Person lived with spouse, partner, children, persons other than spouse or children, or group setting with nonrelatives.