Table 3.
Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of antenatal care utilization in Afghanistan 2012 (n=5,658)
| Variables | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Residence | ||||
| Rural | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Urban | 3.15 (2.49–3.99) | <0.001 | 2.74 (2.08–3.60) | <0.001 |
| Age | ||||
| < 20 years | 1.42 (1.13–1.79) | 0.003 | 1.18 (0.88–1.60) | 0.268 |
| 20–34 years | 1.12 (0.99–1.28) | 0.081 | 1.13 (0.96–1.33) | 0.148 |
| 35–49 years | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Education | ||||
| No education | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Primary | 2.29 (1.74–3.00) | <0.001 | 1.69 (1.26–2.27) | <0.001 |
| Secondary+ | 2.28 (1.74–2.99) | <0.001 | 1.54 (1.14–2.08) | 0.005 |
| Parity | ||||
| 1 | 1.21 (1.04–1.42) | 0.015 | 1.11 (0.91–1.36) | 0.306 |
| 2–4 | 0.99 (0.88–1.11) | 0.859 | 0.93 (0.80–1.07) | 0.292 |
| 5 or more | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy | ||||
| No | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 3.99 (3.57–4.46) | <0.001 | 3.94 (3.51–4.42) | <0.001 |
| Media exposure | ||||
| No exposure | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Radio | 1.07 (0.94–1.23) | 0.305 | 0.89 (0.76–1.03) | 0.111 |
| TV | 1.94 (1.61–2.33) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.08–1.66) | 0.007 |
| TV and radio | 2.62 (2.23–3.08) | <0.001 | 1.78 (1.47–2.15) | <0.001 |
| Wealth | ||||
| Poor | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Middle | 1.28 (1.11–1.48) | 0.001 | 1.13 (0.96–1.32) | 0.152 |
| Rich | 1.99 (1.73–2.28) | <0.001 | 1.08 (0.91–1.29) | 0.384 |
a Adjusted for age, residence, education, parity, knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy, media exposure and wealth.