Table 4.
Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of delivery by skilled birth attendants in Afghanistan, 2012 (n=5,647)
| Variables | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Residence | ||||
| Rural | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Urban | 8.60 (6.43–11.5) | <0.001 | 3.71 (2.65–5.18) | <0.001 |
| Age | ||||
| < 20 years | 1.31 (1.04–1.65) | 0.021 | 0.67 (0.48–0.91) | 0.012 |
| 20–34 years | 1.08 (0.94–1.23) | 0.275 | 0.79 (0.66–0.95) | 0.009 |
| 35–49 years | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Education Level | ||||
| No education | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Primary | 2.16 (1.67–2.79) | <0.001 | 1.38 (1.03–1.86) | 0.032 |
| Secondary+ | 3.06 (2.33–4.02) | <0.001 | 1.43 (1.03–1.97) | 0.031 |
| Parity | ||||
| 1 | 1.62 (1.38–1.89) | <0.001 | 1.83 (1.47–2.27) | <0.001 |
| 2–4 | 1.18 (1.05–1.32) | 0.005 | 1.29 (1.11–1.50) | 0.001 |
| 5 or more | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Number of ANCb visits | ||||
| No visit | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| 1–3 visits | 4.84 (4.28–5.48) | <0.001 | 4.26 (3.71–4.88) | <0.001 |
| 4 or more visits | 8.51 (7.05–10.3) | <0.001 | 6.66 (5.43–8.15) | <0.001 |
| Knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy | ||||
| No | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Yes | 2.24 (2.01–2.49) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.21–1.57) | <0.001 |
| Media exposure | ||||
| No exposure | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Radio | 1.94 (1.69–2.23) | <0.001 | 1.62 (1.38–1.90) | <0.001 |
| TV | 2.48 (2.07–2.97) | <0.001 | 1.08 (0.86–1.36) | 0.494 |
| TV and radio | 3.58 (3.05–4.20) | <0.001 | 1.41 (1.16–1.72) | 0.001 |
| Wealth | ||||
| Poor | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Middle | 2.02 (1.75–2.33) | <0.001 | 1.73 (1.46–2.04) | <0.001 |
| Rich | 4.69 (4.05–5.43) | <0.001 | 2.71 (2.25–3.27) | <0.001 |
a Adjusted for age, residence, education, parity, number of ANC visits, knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy, media exposure and wealth.
b Antenatal care