Table 4.
Variables | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
Residence | ||||
Rural | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
Urban | 8.60 (6.43–11.5) | <0.001 | 3.71 (2.65–5.18) | <0.001 |
Age | ||||
< 20 years | 1.31 (1.04–1.65) | 0.021 | 0.67 (0.48–0.91) | 0.012 |
20–34 years | 1.08 (0.94–1.23) | 0.275 | 0.79 (0.66–0.95) | 0.009 |
35–49 years | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
Education Level | ||||
No education | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
Primary | 2.16 (1.67–2.79) | <0.001 | 1.38 (1.03–1.86) | 0.032 |
Secondary+ | 3.06 (2.33–4.02) | <0.001 | 1.43 (1.03–1.97) | 0.031 |
Parity | ||||
1 | 1.62 (1.38–1.89) | <0.001 | 1.83 (1.47–2.27) | <0.001 |
2–4 | 1.18 (1.05–1.32) | 0.005 | 1.29 (1.11–1.50) | 0.001 |
5 or more | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
Number of ANCb visits | ||||
No visit | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
1–3 visits | 4.84 (4.28–5.48) | <0.001 | 4.26 (3.71–4.88) | <0.001 |
4 or more visits | 8.51 (7.05–10.3) | <0.001 | 6.66 (5.43–8.15) | <0.001 |
Knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy | ||||
No | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
Yes | 2.24 (2.01–2.49) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.21–1.57) | <0.001 |
Media exposure | ||||
No exposure | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
Radio | 1.94 (1.69–2.23) | <0.001 | 1.62 (1.38–1.90) | <0.001 |
TV | 2.48 (2.07–2.97) | <0.001 | 1.08 (0.86–1.36) | 0.494 |
TV and radio | 3.58 (3.05–4.20) | <0.001 | 1.41 (1.16–1.72) | 0.001 |
Wealth | ||||
Poor | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
Middle | 2.02 (1.75–2.33) | <0.001 | 1.73 (1.46–2.04) | <0.001 |
Rich | 4.69 (4.05–5.43) | <0.001 | 2.71 (2.25–3.27) | <0.001 |
a Adjusted for age, residence, education, parity, number of ANC visits, knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy, media exposure and wealth.
b Antenatal care