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. 2015 Nov;77(4):595–607.

Table 4.

Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of delivery by skilled birth attendants in Afghanistan, 2012 (n=5,647)

Variables Unadjusted Adjusteda
OR (95% CI) P value OR (95% CI) P value
Residence
Rural 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
Urban 8.60 (6.43–11.5) <0.001 3.71 (2.65–5.18) <0.001
Age
< 20 years 1.31 (1.04–1.65) 0.021 0.67 (0.48–0.91) 0.012
20–34 years 1.08 (0.94–1.23) 0.275 0.79 (0.66–0.95) 0.009
35–49 years 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
Education Level
No education 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
Primary 2.16 (1.67–2.79) <0.001 1.38 (1.03–1.86) 0.032
Secondary+ 3.06 (2.33–4.02) <0.001 1.43 (1.03–1.97) 0.031
Parity
1 1.62 (1.38–1.89) <0.001 1.83 (1.47–2.27) <0.001
2–4 1.18 (1.05–1.32) 0.005 1.29 (1.11–1.50) 0.001
5 or more 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
Number of ANCb visits
No visit 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
1–3 visits 4.84 (4.28–5.48) <0.001 4.26 (3.71–4.88) <0.001
4 or more visits 8.51 (7.05–10.3) <0.001 6.66 (5.43–8.15) <0.001
Knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy
No 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
Yes 2.24 (2.01–2.49) <0.001 1.37 (1.21–1.57) <0.001
Media exposure
No exposure 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
Radio 1.94 (1.69–2.23) <0.001 1.62 (1.38–1.90) <0.001
TV 2.48 (2.07–2.97) <0.001 1.08 (0.86–1.36) 0.494
TV and radio 3.58 (3.05–4.20) <0.001 1.41 (1.16–1.72) 0.001
Wealth
Poor 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
Middle 2.02 (1.75–2.33) <0.001 1.73 (1.46–2.04) <0.001
Rich 4.69 (4.05–5.43) <0.001 2.71 (2.25–3.27) <0.001

a Adjusted for age, residence, education, parity, number of ANC visits, knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy, media exposure and wealth.

b Antenatal care