Table 1.

Endophytic and plant-associated actinobacteria reported in the literature.

Genus	Host plant	Isolation source	References	Potential use
Frankia*	Comptonia	Root nodule	Callaham et al., 1978	Nitrogen fixation
Actinosynnema	Grass blade	–	Hasegawa et al., 1978	Not determined
Streptomyces	Allium porrum, Amaryllis belladona, Betula pendula, Brassica oleracea, Calluna vulgaris, Chelidonium majusCichonum intybus, Euphorbia sp., Fragaria vesca, Lactuca scariola, Quercus sp., Rubus idaeus	Roots	Sardi et al., 1992	Not determined
Streptomyces	Linum usitatissimum	Rhizosphere soil	Crawford et al., 1993	Growth promotion
Microbispora, Streptomyces, Streptosporangium	Zea mays	Roots	de Araújo et al., 2000	Biocontrol
Microbispora, Micromonospora, Nocardioides, Streptomyces	Triticum aestivum	Roots and leaves	Coombs and Franco, 2003a	Biocontrol agent
Streptomyces	Licopersicon esculentum	Roots	Cao et al., 2004	Biocontrol
Streptomyces, Streptoverticillium, Streptosporangium	Musa sp.	Roots	Cao et al., 2005	Biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum
Agromyces, Microbacterium	Retama taetam, Ononis natrix, Argyrolobium uniflorum, Astragalus armatus	Root nodules	Zakhia et al., 2006	Not determined
Actinoplanes, Micromonospora, Streptomyces	Cucumis sativus	Roots	El-Tarabily et al., 2009	Biocontrol; growth promotion
Microbispora, Nocardia Sacchromonospora, Streptomyces, Streptosporangium, Streptoverticillium	Azadirachta indica	Leaves, stems, roots	Verma et al., 2009, 2011	Siderophore production; biocontrol
Pseudonocardia, Nocardiopsis, Micromonospora, Streptosporangium	Phyllanthus urinaria, Kadsura heteroclita, Maesa indica, Rauvolfia verticillata, Paris yunnanensis, Maytenus austroyunnanensis, Gloriosa superba, Scoparia dulcis, Tadehagi triquetrum, Goniothalamus sp., Cephalotaxus sp., and Azadirachta sp.	Leaves, stems, roots	Qin et al., 2009	Secondary metabolites
Arthrobacter, Dietzia Herbiconiux, Intrasporangium, Kitasatospora, Microbacterium, Microbispora, Micrococcus Micromonospora Mycobacterium, Nocardia Rathayibacter, Rhodococcus, Streptacidiphilus, Streptomyces, Tsukamurella	Artemisia princeps, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Chelidonium majus, Conyza canadensis, Erigeron annuus, Iris rossii, Lamium purpureum, Physostegia virginiana, Rudbeckia bicolor, Setaria viridis, Viola mandshurica	Roots	Kim et al., 2012	Growth promotion, biocontrol
Actinomadura, Amycolatopsis, Cellulosimicrobium, Gordonia, Glycomyces, Janibacter, Jiangella, Microbacterium, Micromonospora, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Nocardiopsis, Nonomuraea, Plantactinospora, Polymorphospora, Promicromonospora, Pseudonocardia, Streptosporangium, Streptomyces, Saccharopolyspora, Tsukamurella	Maytenus austroyunnanensis	Root, stem, leaves	Qin et al., 2012	Not determined
Actinomadura, Actinomycetospora, Actinopolymorpha, Amycolatopsis, Gordonia, Kribbella, Micromonospora, Nocardia, Nocardioides, Nocardiopsis, Nonomuraea, Polymorphospora, Promicromonospora, Pseudonocardia, Streptomyces, Williamsia	Callitris preissii, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus microcarpa, Pittosporum phylliraeoides	Leaves, stems, roots	Kaewkla and Franco, 2013	Not determined
Actinomadura, Kibdelosporangium, Kitasatospora, Micromonospora, Microtetraspora, Nocardia, Nocardioides, Nocardiopsis, Promicromonospora, Pseudonocardia, Saccharopolyspora, Streptoalloteichus, Streptomyces	Achillea fragrantissima, Artemisia judaica, Centaurea scoparia, Chiliadenus montanus, Echinops spinosus, Iphiona mucronata, Pulicaria crispa, Scariola orientalis, Seriphidium herba-album, Tanacetum sinaicum	Not specified	El-Shatoury et al., 2013	Growth promotion
Streptomyces	Cleome arabica, Solanum nigrum, Astragallus armatus, Aristida pungens, Panicum turgidum	Roots	Goudjal et al., 2013, 2014	Biocontrol, IAA production, growth promotion
Amycolatopsis, Isoptericola, Micromonospora, Microbispora, Nocardia, Nonomuraea, Promicromonospora, Pseudonocardia, Streptomyces	Acacia auriculiformis, Bauhinia purpurea, Canavalia gladiate, Cassia fistula, Clitoria ternatea, Erythrina variegata, Leucaena leucocephala, Mimosa pudica, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Pithecellobium dulce, Poinciana pulcherrima, Pterocarpus macrocarpus, Samanea saman, Sesbania grandiflora, Tamarindus indica	Roots, rhizosphere	Mingma et al., 2014	Biocontrol
Microbacterium	Trichilia elegans	Leaves	Rhoden et al., 2015	Not determined

The data presented is based on the references provided in column 4.

^*Frankia is known to induce root nodules on a diverse group of angiosperm plants termed actinorhizals.