Figure 2. Schematic illustrations of the appliance in each group (lateral view; left column); lateral cephalograms at pretreatment and post en masse retraction (middle column); and maxillary superimposition (right column). A, The C-lingual retractor group (i.e., group 1) had clockwise rotation of the anterior segment during retraction. B, The antero-posterior lingual retractor with parallel tube group (i.e., group 2) had intrusion of the anterior segment with less clockwise moment. C, The antero-posterior lingual retractor with distally tipped tube group (i.e., group 3) had the greatest amount of intrusion on the anterior segment. Extrusion of the posterior segments did not occur in group 2 or group 3.