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CVB4 can replicate and persist in M-CSF MDM. MDM treated with M-CSF for seven days were inoculated with CVB4 and were cultured for 12 days. The cell viability was assessed using the trypan blue exclusion assay (a). In supernatants, the levels of IFNα (b), infectious particles (c) and enteroviral RNA (d) were determined. In cells, enteroviral RNA was quantified by real-time RT-qPCR (e). These results are the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments.
