. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Growth Horm IGF Res. 2014 Jun 19;24(5):157–163. doi: 10.1016/j.ghir.2014.06.003

Table 2.

Preclinical trials for IGF-I and muscle therapy

Therapeutic Target	Animal Model	IGF-I Isoform	Delivery Method	Outcome
Sarcopenia
	27 mo mice	IGF-IA	AAV	Maintenance of muscle mass and function³³
	20–24 mo mice	IGF-IA	Transgenic	Maintenance of muscle mass and regenerative capacity³⁵
Disuse Atrophy
	Hindlimb Suspension	IGF-IA	Transgenic	No protection against atrophy⁹⁶
	Hindlimb Suspension & reloading	IGF-IA vs. mature IGF-I	AAV	Enhanced recovery more with mature IGF-I, functional protection by mature IGF-I⁴⁴
	Cast immobilization & reloading	IGF-IA	AAV	Enhanced recovery, no atrophy protection^94,95
Muscle Wasting
	Angiotensin II Mice	IGF-IA	Transgenic	Block of apoptosis and muscle specific ubiquitin ligases⁹⁷
	Glucocorticoid Mice	E-peptides	AAV	No protection⁴⁰
Acute Injury
	Mice Cardiotoxin Injection	IGF-IA vs. rhIGF-I	Plasmid vs osmotic pump	Accelerated repair by plasmid IGF-IA⁸⁶
		PEG-IGF-I vs. rhIGF-I	IM/SQ injection	Improved functional recovery of IM PEG-IGF-I vs. rhIGF-I or SQ PEG-IGF-I⁹⁸
		IGF-IA	Transgenic	Enhanced repair; limited fibrosis⁹⁹
	Mice Laceration	IGF-IA	Plasmid	Improved regeneration¹⁰⁰
	Mice Laceration	rhIGF-I	IM Injection	Improved healing¹⁰¹
	Rat Ischemia Reperfusion	PEG-IGF-I	fibrin gel injection	Improved functional recovery¹⁰²
Neuromuscular Disease
	ALS (G93A mouse)	rhIGF-I	Intrathecal	improved survival¹⁰³
		IGF-IA	Transgenic	Improved survival¹⁰⁴
		PEG-IGF-I	SQ injection	Mild symptoms improved; severe symptoms no protection¹⁰⁵
	DMD (mdx mouse)	IGF-IA	Transgenic	Improved function; reduced fibrosis; Increased muscle mass; reduction of myofiber necrosis^106,107
		PEG-IGF	SQ injection	Reduced contraction -induced injury^108,109
		rhIGF-I	SQ injection	Improved fatigue resistance and contractile function^110,111
		LR-IGF-I	SQ injection	Improved function¹¹²