Table I.
Characteristics of malignant (n=794) and benign (n=312) lesions.
| Characteristic | Total, n (%) | Malignant, n (%) | Benign, n (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.017a | |||
| Male | 757 (68.44) | 560 (70.53) | 197 (63.14) | |
| Female | 349 (31.56) | 234 (29.47) | 115 (36.86) | |
| Age, years | <0.001a | |||
| ≤50 | 236 (21.34) | 113 (14.23) | 123 (39.42) | |
| 51–60 | 331 (29.93) | 238 (29.97) | 93 (29.81) | |
| 61–70 | 330 (29.84) | 264 (33.25) | 66 (21.15) | |
| >70 | 209 (18.9) | 179 (22.54) | 30 (9.62) | |
| Lesion location, lobe | 0.012a | |||
| Right upper | 333 (30.11) | 251 (31.61) | 82 (26.28) | |
| Right middle | 46 (4.16) | 24 (3.02) | 22 (7.05) | |
| Right lower | 242 (21.88) | 169 (21.28) | 73 (23.4) | |
| Left upper | 273 (24.68) | 203 (25.57) | 70 (22.44) | |
| Left lower | 212 (19.17) | 147 (18.51) | 65 (20.83) | |
| Lesion type | <0.001a | |||
| Central | 265 (23.96) | 247 (31.11) | 18 (5.77) | |
| Peripheral | 841 (76.04) | 547 (68.89) | 294 (94.23) | |
| Lesion depth, mm | <0.001a | |||
| 0 | 521 (47.11) | 348 (43.83) | 173 (55.45) | |
| 1–10 | 195 (17.63) | 117 (14.74) | 78 (25) | |
| 11–20 | 216 (19.53) | 175 (22.04) | 41 (13.14) | |
| 21–30 | 108 (9.76) | 94 (11.84) | 14 (4.49) | |
| >30 | 66 (5.97) | 60 (7.56) | 6 (1.92) | |
| Lesion size, mm | <0.001a | |||
| ≤10 | 57 (5.15) | 22 (2.77) | 35 (11.22) | |
| 11–20 | 213 (19.26) | 132 (16.62) | 81 (25.96) | |
| 21–30 | 273 (24.68) | 171 (21.54) | 102 (32.69) | |
| 31–40 | 227 (20.52) | 174 (21.91) | 53 (16.99) | |
| >40 | 336 (30.38) | 295 (37.15) | 41 (13.14) | |
| Emphysema | 0.063 | |||
| 0b | 423 (38.25) | 287 (36.15) | 136 (43.59) | |
| 1c | 450 (40.69) | 337 (42.44) | 113 (36.22) | |
| 2d | 233 (21.07) | 170 (21.41) | 63 (20.19) | |
| Contrast enhancement | 0.087 | |||
| Yes | 336 (30.38) | 253 (31.86) | 83 (26.60) | |
| No | 770 (69.62) | 541 (68.14) | 229 (73.40) | |
| Atelectasis | 0.005a | |||
| Yes | 112 (10.13) | 93 (11.71) | 19 (6.09) | |
| No | 994 (89.87) | 701 (88.29) | 293 (93.91) | |
| Position | 0.665 | |||
| Lateral | 240 (21.7) | 176 (22.17) | 64 (20.51) | |
| Prone | 586 (52.98) | 414 (52.14) | 172 (55.13) | |
| Supine | 280 (25.32) | 204 (25.69) | 76 (24.36) | |
| Needle size, G | 0.008a | |||
| 16 | 105 (9.49) | 87 (10.96) | 18 (5.77) | |
| 18 | 1,001 (90.51) | 707 (89.04) | 294 (94.23) | |
| Number of attempts | 0.034a | |||
| ≤2 | 396 (35.8) | 277 (34.89) | 119 (38.14) | |
| 3 | 581 (52.53) | 412 (51.89) | 169 (54.17) | |
| ≥4 | 129 (11.66) | 105 (13.22) | 24 (7.69) | |
| Needle-pleura angle, degrees | 0.071 | |||
| ≤15 | 923 (83.45) | 672 (84.63) | 251 (80.45) | |
| 16–30 | 110 (9.95) | 78 (9.82) | 32 (10.26) | |
| >30 | 73 (6.60) | 44 (5.54) | 29 (9.29) | |
| Pneumothorax | 0.783 | |||
| Yes | 207 (18.72) | 147 (18.51) | 60 (19.23) | |
| No | 899 (81.28) | 647 (81.49) | 252 (80.77) | |
| Hemorrhage | 0.003a | |||
| Yes | 251 (22.69) | 199 (25.06) | 52 (16.67) | |
| No | 855 (77.31) | 595 (74.94) | 260 (83.33) | |
| Hemoptysis | 0.276 | |||
| Yes | 58 (5.24) | 38 (4.79) | 20 (6.41) | |
| No | 1,048 (94.76) | 756 (95.21) | 292 (93.59) | |
| Diagnosis | <0.001a | |||
| Positive | 730 (66.00) | 730 (91.94) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Negative | 376 (34.00) | 64 (8.06) | 312 (100.00) | |
| Specific diagnosis | 0.245 | |||
| Yes | 925 (83.63) | 671 (84.51) | 254 (81.41) | |
| No | 181 (16.37) | 123 (15.49) | 58 (18.59) | |
| False negative | ||||
| Yes | 64 (8.06) | 64 (8.06) | ||
| No | 730 (91.94) | 730 (91.94) |
a
Significant differences between groups.
b
No emphysemic tissue surrounding the lesions
c
some emphysemic tissue surrounding the lesions, but distant from the needle tract
d
prominent emphysemic tissue in the needle tract.