Table V.

Statistical analysis of risk factors for complications (pneumothorax, hemorrhage and hemoptysis).

Risk factor/reference	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Pneumothorax
Lesion size/≤10 mm
11–20	1.25 (0.46–3.37)	0.662
21–30	0.64 (0.23–1.73)	0.377
31–40	0.48 (0.17–1.35)	0.162
>40	0.32 (0.11–0.95)	0.040a
Emphysema/0b
1c	1.00 (0.47–2.12)	0.999
2d	72.11 (37.35–139.22)	<0.001a
Hemorrhage
Age/≤50 years
51–60	1.68 (1.03–2.75)	0.038a
61–70	1.75 (1.05–2.90)	0.031a
>70	0.99 (0.53–1.82)	0.961
Lesion location/right upper lobe
Right middle lobe	0.39 (0.15–1.00)	0.050
Right lower lobe	0.54 (0.33–0.88)	0.014a
Left upper lobe	0.61 (0.38–0.99)	0.044
Left lower lobe	0.48 (0.29–0.80)	0.005a
Lesion depth/0 mm
1–10	1.62 (0.88–2.98)	0.122
11–20	9.56 (5.83–15.68)	<0.001a
21–30	24.49 (13.36–44.87)	<0.001a
>30	31.51 (15.22–65.24)	<0.001a
Emphysema/0b
1c	0.55 (0.35–0.87)	0.010a
2d	0.51 (0.33–0.80)	0.004a
Hemoptysis
Gender/female	0.55 (0.31–0.96)	0.036a
Lesion depth/0 mm
1–10	0.50 (0.16–1.53)	0.226
11–20	1.70 (0.79–3.66)	0.174
21–30	3.10 (1.35–7.12)	0.008a
>30	3.85 (1.49–10.00)	0.006a
Number of attempts/≤2
3	0.40 (0.21–0.73)	0.003a
≥4	0.42 (0.14–1.25)	0.118

^aP<0.05.

^bNo emphysemic tissue surrounding the lesions

^csome emphysemic tissue surrounding the lesions, but distant from the needle tract

^dprominent emphysemic tissue in the needle tract. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.