. 2014 Oct 17;3(4):649–670. doi: 10.3390/antiox3040649

Table 1.

Flavonoids on TLR gene and protein expression in in vitro studies.

Flavonoid	Dose	Duration ¹	TLR ²	Studied Target	Cell (Challenge)	Reference
FLAVONOLS Engeletin	10/50 μM	2 h	↓ TLR4	mRNA	J774 macrophages (LPS)	[53]
Astilbin	10/50 μM	2 h	↓ TLR4	mRNA	J774 macrophages (LPS)	[53]
Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside	–	6 h	↓ TLR2	Protein	Endothelial cells	[54]
Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside	–	6 h	↓ TLR4	Protein	Endothelial cells	[54]
Quercetin	25 μM	1 h	↓ TLR2	Protein	PBMC	[55]
Quercetin	25 μM	1 h	↓ TLR4	Protein	PBMC	[55]
FLAVANONES Naringenin	1 μg/mL	48 h	↓ TLR2	Protein/mRNA	J774 macrophages (C. trachomatis)	[56]
FLAVANONES Naringenin	1 μg/mL	48 h	↓ TLR4	mRNA	J774 macrophages (C. trachomatis)	[56]
Naringenin	100 μM	–	↓ TLR2	mRNA	3T3L1 cells (adipocyte differentiation)	[57]
FLAVANOLS Epigallocatechin-3-gallate	1 μM	24 h	↓ TLR4	Protein/mRNA	RAW 264.7 macrophages (LPS)	[58]
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate	10 μM	24 h	↔ TLR4	mRNA	Murine bone marrow-derived DCs (unstimulated)	[59]
FLAVONES Baicalin	40/80 μM	24 + 3 h	↔ TLR1-9	mRNA	Human oral keraynocytes (LPS)	[60]
Baicalin	5/10 μg/mL	0.5–6 h	↓ TLR2	Protein/mRNA	PC12 and primary rat neurons (oxygen glucose deprivation)	[61]
Baicalin	5/10 μg/mL	0.5–6 h	↓ TLR4	Protein/mRNA	PC12 and primary rat neurons (oxygen glucose deprivation)	[61]

Notes: ¹ Treatment duration is showed when detailed in the article, if it is not provided a (–) is showed; ² Changes in gene expression are summarized by means of an increase (↑), decrease (↓) or not affected (↔) by the intervention.