| Molecular Level |
Cellular Level |
| AO defense |
Cell proliferation |
| DNA-repair systems |
Cell differentiation |
| Transfer of genetic information |
Stability of cell membrane |
| Stress protein synthesis |
Stability of intracellular milieu |
| Proteosomal function |
Macromolecular turnover |
| Tissue and Organ Level |
Physiological and Redox Control Level |
| Neutralization and removing toxic chemicals |
Neuronal response and synaptic plasticity |
| Tissue regeneration and wound healing |
Stress response |
| Tumor suppression |
Hormonal response |
| Cell death and cell replacement |
Immune response |
|
|
Thermoregulation |
|
|
HO-1/CO; BVR/BR; UCP; Hsp70; Hsp27; TRXr/TRX |
