Table 3.
Clinical characteristics and potential risk factors of hospitalized patients with Acinetobacter bacteraemia with and without healthcare-associated (HCA) risk factors, Nakhon Phanom and Sa Kaeo provinces, Thailand, May 2005–December 2008
| Non-HCA* (n = 32) n (%)‡ | HCA (n = 38)† n (%)‡ | P value§ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Signs/symptoms at admission: | |||
| Temperature ⩾38°C | 28 (87·5) | 28 (73·7) | 0·15 |
| Fever history | 26 (81·3) | 25 (65·8) | 0·15 |
| Elevated WBC∥ | 11 (44·0) | 22 (61·1) | 0·19 |
| Cough | 12 (41·4) | 16 (42·1) | 0·95 |
| Dyspnea | 9 (29·0) | 10 (28·6) | 0·97 |
| Rales or crepitations | 6 (18·8) | 4 (10·8) | 0·50 |
| Sputum production | 2 (6·9) | 6 (17·7) | 0·27 |
| Any indication of respiratory illness | 16 (51·6) | 20 (57·1) | 0·65 |
| Low haemoglobin¶ | 14 (77·8) | 23 (69·7) | 0·74 |
| Admission diagnoses | |||
| Pneumonia | 9 (28·1) | 11 (28·9) | 0·94 |
| Other respiratory illness | 3 (9·4) | 6 (15·8) | 0·49 |
| Septicaemia | 4 (12·5) | 3 (7·9) | 0·69 |
| Fever, unspecified | 3 (9·4) | 2 (5·3) | 0·65 |
| Other infectious condition | 5 (15·6) | 5 (13·2) | 0·77 |
| Other | 7 (22·6) | 8 (22·9) | >0·99 |
| Underlying illness | |||
| Diabetes | 4 (16·0) | 11 (33·3) | 0·14 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2 (8·7) | 4 (12·5) | 0·70 |
| Renal failure | 0 (0·0) | 5 (13·2) | 0·06 |
| Heart disease | 1 (4·4) | 4 (12·5) | 0·39 |
| HIV | 1 (3·1) | 2 (5·3) | >0·99 |
| None identified | 23 (71·9) | 8 (21·1) | <0·01 |
| Other potential risk factors: | |||
| Immunosuppressive therapy | 0 (0·0) | 4 (12·5) | 0·13 |
| Intubation | 0 (0·0) | 3 (23·1) | 0·04 |
| Smoking# | 5 (33·3) | 8 (30·8) | >0·99 |
| Alcohol use# | 5 (33·3) | 5 (19·2) | 0·45 |
| Death | 3 (9·4) | 17 (44·7) | <0·01 |
Non-HCA indicates that the blood culture was collected <3 days after admission and the patient had no known HCA risk factors.
There were 40 patients with HCA infections, two newborns were excluded from analyses.
Denominators exclude individuals with missing data.
P value from Pearson's χ2 test.
White blood cell count: <5 years, >1000/mm3; 6–17 years, >13 500/mm3; >17 years, >11 000/mm3 [34].
Under 5 years, <11 g/dl; 5–11 years, <11·5 g/dl; 12–14 years, <12 gm/dl; males ⩾15 years, <13 g/dl; females ⩾15 years, <12 g/dl (based on WHO classification of anaemia).
Among individuals aged ⩾18 years.