TABLE 3.
Droplet nuclei concentrations for various particle sizes flushed using the flushometer toilet (n = 6 trials per condition)
| Particle size (μm) | Mean (SEM*) bowl water preflush concentration (particles/mL) | Mean (SEM*) airborne particle concentration produced (particles/m3) | Mean (SEM*) airborne particle generation rate (airborne particles produced per 100 million particles present in the bowl preflush) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.25 | 5.073 × 108 (7.427 × 107) | 512.6 (44.0) | 0.235 (0.029) |
| 0.50 | 1.679 × 108 (2.028 × 107) | 65.8 (18.4) | 0.092 (0.034) |
| 1.0 | 2.035 × 107 (1.968 × 106) | 10.3 (4.6) | 0.113 (0.052) |
| 1.9 | 1.660 × 106 (7.009 × 105) | 20.1 (9.9) | 8.27 (6.86) |
The 0.25-μm concentration was significantly different from the 1.0- and 1.9-μm concentration but not different from the 0.50-μm concentration, and the 1.0- and 1.9-μm concentrations were not significantly different from one another. Nemenyi's test with overall α = 0.05.
*
SEM = standard error of the mean.