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. 2015 Dec 1;12:51. doi: 10.1186/s12986-015-0048-8

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© Sugimoto et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Orally administered miglitol enters the circulation where it directly enhances the β3-aderenergic signaling of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Based on Sugimoto et al. [15], Sasaki et al. [18] and Sell et al. [24]. βAR: beta adrenergic signaling; AC: adenylyl cyclase; cAMP: cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate; PKA: protein kinase A; p38αMAPK: p38 α-mitogen-activated protein kinase; PGC1α: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α; PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; RXR: retinoid X receptor; PPRE: PPAR response element; CREB: cAMP response element binding protein; CRE: cAMP response element; HSL: hormone-sensitive lipase; UCP1: uncoupling protein 1; LPL: lipoprotein lipase; TG: triglyceride; FFA: free fatty acids