Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population
| Taking TDF | Not taking TDF | All patients | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 101) | (n = 229) | (n = 330) | ||
| Female, No. (%) | 82 (81) | 165 (72) | 247 (75) | 0.08 |
| Age, Median (IQR), years | 38 (34–46) | 40 (36–46) | 39 (35–46) | 0.09 |
| BMI, Median (IQR), kg/m2 | 22.8 (21.5–25.3) | 22.9 (20.3–27.1) | 22.9 (20.5-26.6) | 0.11 |
| Nadir CD4 Median (IQR), cells/μl | 164 (94–265) | 186 (76–297) | 185 (79–297) | 0.79 |
| Current CD4 Median (IQR), cells/μl | 545 (337–679) | 456 (335–630) | 463 (329–640) | 0.22 |
| CrCld, Median (IQR), ml/min/1.73m2 | 99 (78–118) | 96 (77–126) | 95 (77–118) | 0.21 |
| CrCl < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, No (%) | 5 (5) | 19 (8) | 24 (7) | 0.28 |
| Efavirenz-based ART, No. (%)b | 71 (70) | 147 (64) | 218 (66) | 0.28 |
| Duration on tenofovir, Median (IQR), months | 20 (12–24) | |||
| HBsAg positivea, No. (%) | 20/56 (36) | 8/101 (8) | 28/157 (18) | 0.0004 |
| Proteinuria (dipstick), No. (%) | 62 (61) | 73 (32) | 123 (37) | <0.0001 |
| uPCRb, Median (IQR), mg/mmol | 10.8 (6.8–15.1) | 5.7 (3.3–10.4) | 7.7 (5.2–12.9) | <0.0001 |
| uACRb, Median (IQR), mg/mmol | 2 (0.58–2.4) | 2.1 (1.0–4.6) | 2 (0.7–3.4) | 0 |
| uAPRe, Median (IQR), mg | 0.24 (0.1–0.4) | 0.58 (0.4–0.6) | 0.43 (0.2–0.6) | 0.0006 |
| Fractional phosphate excretion > 18 %d, No. (%) | 2/28 (7) | 6/54 (11) | 8/82 (10) | 0.57 |
| Fractional urate excretion > 15 %d, No. (%) | 1/28 (4) | 4/54 (7) | 5/82 (6) | 0.49 |
| Glycosuria (dipstick), No. (%) | 24 (24) | 5 (2) | 29 (9) | <0.0001 |
TDF tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, BMI body mass index, CrCl estimated creatinine clearance (by Cockcroft Gault formula), uPCR urinary protein:creatinine ratio, uACR urinary albumin:creatinine ratio, uAPR urinary albumin:protein ratio. a HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen (based on a subset of 157 patients)
bBased on subset of 161 patients. cMost other patient were taking nevirapine. d Based on subset of 82 patients
eWhere uPCR > 20 mg/mmol