Table 2.
Predictors of proteinuria and tubular dysfunction in HIV-infected Ghanaians
| Variable | Proteinuria | Tubular dysfunction | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95 % CI) | p | aOR (95 % CI) | p | OR (95 % CI) | p | aOR (95 % CI) | p | |
| Age/10 years | 0.77 (0.59–1.00) | 0.05 | 0.74 (0.54–1.01) | 0.06 | 0.58 (0.35–0.98) | 0.04 | 0.62 (0.36–1.06) | 0.08 |
| Baseline CD4/100 cells/mm3 | 0.88 (0.77–1.01) | 0.07 | 0.86 (0.74–0.99) | 0.04 | 1.11 (0.88–1.40) | 0.38 | ||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 1.05 (0.63–1.78) | 0.84 | 0.96 (0.35–2.61) | 0.93 | ||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| BMI /5 kg/m2 | 0.88 (0.69–1.12) | 0.29 | 0.83 (0.50–1.38) | 0.47 | ||||
| Each year on ART | 0.95 (0.84–1.07) | 0.38 | 0.92 (0.69–1.21) | 0.53 | ||||
| Use of TDF | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.82 (1.12–2.95) | 0.01 | 2.74 (1.38–5.43) | 0.004 | 3.83 (1.24–11.77) | 0.02 | 3.43 (1.10–10.69) | 0.03 |
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Current CD4/100 cells/mm3 | 0.98 (0.89–1.08) | 0.65 | 1.09 (0.93–1.29) | 0.29 | ||||
| Duration on TDF/1yr | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.86 | 1.13 (0.73–1.76) | 0.57 | ||||
| HBV Serology | ||||||||
| HBsAg + | 0.81 (0.36–1.85) | 0.62 | 1.93 (0.49–7.56) | 0.34 | ||||
| HBsAg - | 1 | 1 | ||||||
OR odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, TDF tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, BMI body mass index, ART antiretroviral therapy, HBV hepatitis B virus