Table 1.
Summary of results of potential makers validated using a targeted proteomic mass spectrometry test
| Alzheimer’s disease | Lewy body dementia | Parkinson’s disease | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein biomarker | Fold-change (statistical significance) | Protein biomarker | Fold-change (statistical significance) | Protein biomarker | Fold-change (statistical significance) |
| Osteopontin | 4.7 (p < 0.002) | DJ1 | 3.1 (p < 0.0053) | ||
| Osteopontin | 2.3 (p < 0.02) | aMalate dehydrogenase | 2.2 (not significant) | ||
| CNDP1 | 3.2 (p < 0.0001) | aUCHL1 | 2.2 (p < 0.01) | aLSAMP | 1.9 (p < 0.0136) |
| aMalate dehydrogenase | 3.2 (p < 0.0001) | Chitinase-3-like protein 1 | 2.1 (p < 0.0004) | Apolipoprotein H | 1.8 (p < 0.0484) |
| Apolipoprotein E | 2.9 (p < 0.0001) | aGM2 Activator Protein | 1.9 (p < 0.0087) | Serum Amyloid A4 | 1.7 (not significant) |
| Ubiquitin | 2.3 (p < 0.0015) | aMalate dehydrogenase | 1.9 (p < 0.0082) | Pro-orexin | 1.6 (not significant) |
| aGM2 Activator Protein | 2.3 (p < 0.0002) | aSerum Amyloid A4 | 1.9 (p < 0.0092) | Osteopontin | 1.6 (p < 0.02) |
| IBP2 | 2.3 (p < 0.0001) | Apolipoprotein E | 1.7 (p < 0.0014) | UCHL1 | 1.5 (not significant) |
| aSerum Amyloid A4 | 2.3 (p < 0.0007) | CNDP1 | 1.7 (p < 0.0039) | Prosaposin | 1.5 (not significant) |
| aPro-orexin | 2.2 (p < 0.0017) | Apolipoprotein H | 1.7 (p < 0.01) | Vitamin D binding protein | 1.5 (p = 0.05) |
| aCarboxypeptidase E | 2.2 (p < 0.0001) | aProsaposin | 1.7 (p < 0.02) | Chitinase-3-like protein 1 | 1.4 (not significant) |
| Apolipoprotein H | 2.2 (p < 0.0001) | S100B | 1.7 (p < 0.031) | GM2 Activator Protein | 1.3 (not significant) |
| Chitinase-3-like protein 1 | 2.2 (p < 0.0012) | Ubiquitin | 1.6 (p < 0.011) | S100B | 1.3 (not significant) |
| aprosaposin | 2.1 (p < 0.0001) | Insulin-like growth factor 2 | 1.6 (p < 0.0052) | Apolipoprotein E | 1.2 (not significant) |
| aUCHL1 | 2 (p < 0.0108) | Cystatin C | 1.6 (p < 0.002) | CNDP1 | 1.2 (not significant) |
| aLAMP1 | 2 (p < 0.0003) | Vitamin D binding protein | 1.6 (p < 0.01) | Clusterin | 1.2 (not significant) |
| Cystatin C | 1.9 (p < 0.0001) | IBP2 | 1.6 (p < 0.0052) | Cystatin C | 1.2 (not significant) |
| Vitamin D binding protein | 1.9 (p < 0.0001) | LAMP1 | 1.5 (not significant) | Transferrin | 1.2 (not significant) |
| Transthyretin | 1.8 (p < 0.0001) | aCarboxypeptidase E | 1.5 (p < 0.0097) | LAMP1 | 1.1 (not significant) |
| Insulin-like growth factor 2 | 1.8 (p < 0.0015) | aTREM 2 | 1.5 (p < 0.0062) | Carboxypeptidase E | 1.1 (not significant) |
| aTREM 2 | 1.8 (p < 0.0003) | aLSAMP | 1.5 (p < 0.0004) | TIMP1 | 1.1 (not significant) |
| aLSAMP | 1.8 (0.0009) | Pro-orexin | 1.4 (not significant) | Insulin-like growth factor 2 | 1.1 (not significant) |
| ENPP2 | a1.7 (p < 0.0001) | Clusterin | 1.4 (p < 0.0102) | TREM 2 | 1.1 (not significant) |
| S100B | 1.7 (p < 0.0037) | TIMP1 | 1.4 (p < 0.0055) | IBP2 | 1.1 (not significant) |
| Clusterin | 1.6 (p < 0.0001) | Transferrin | 1.4 (p < 0.01) | Transthyretin | 1 (not significant) |
| Transferrin | 1.4 (p < 0.0015) | Transthyretin | 1.1 (not significant) | Ubiquitin | 0.9 (not significant) |
| TIMP1 | 1.3 (p < 0.018) | ENPP2 | 1 (not significant) | ENPP2 | 0.8 (not significant) |
The fold-change in the expression of each protein biomarker relative to the control group, are shown in the second column with their p value determined by Mann-Witney U test shown in parenthis below it
aDenotes new markers not described previously as being potential neurodegenerative markers