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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2015 Oct 8;95(6):822–828. doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.09.009

Figure 3. Helminth infections are associated with diminished plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LTB.

Figure 3

The plasma levels of Type 1 IFNs (IFNα, IFNβ), IL-1 family (IL-1α, IL-1β) and other pro-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-12, GM-CSF) cytokines were measured by ELISA in active pulmonary TB individuals with (ATB+Ss, n=42) or without Ss coinfection (ATB, n=46) and in latent-TB infected individuals with (LTB+Ss, n=44) or without Ss coinfection (LTB, n=44). The results are shown as scatterplots with each circle representing a single individual and the bar representing the GM. P values were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons.