Table 1.
Diverse roles of sirtuins in the heart
| Roles of Sirtuins in the Heart | |
|---|---|
| Energy metabolism | • Sirt1: FFA↑ • Sirt3: ATP production↑ |
| • Sirt2, Sirt4, Sirt5, Sirt6, and Sirt7: unknown | |
| Cardiac hypertrophy | • Sirt1: antihypertrophic (high level of Sirt1: hypertrophic) • Sirt3: antihypertrophic |
| • Sirt6: antihypertrophic • Sirt2, Sirt4, Sirt5, and Sirt7: unknown | |
| Heart failure | • Sirt1: protective (high level of Sirt1: detrimental) • Sirt3: protective |
| • Sirt2, Sirt4, Sirt5, Sirt6, and Sirt7: unknown | |
| Ischemia-reperfusion injury | • Sirt1: protective • Sirt2: detrimental • Sirt3: protective • Sirt4: protective (hypoxia) |
| • Sirt5: protective (hypoxia) • Sirt5 and Sirt7: unknown | |
| Oxidative stress | • Sirt1: oxidative stress↓ (high level of Sirt1: oxidative stress↑) |
| • Sirt2: oxidative stress ↓ or ↑ • Sirt3: oxidative stress↓ | |
| • Sirt5, Sirt6, and Sirt7: protective against oxidative stress • Sirt4: unknown | |
| Cell death | • Sirt1, Sirt3, Sirt4, Sirt5, Sirt6, and Sirt7: negative regulator |
| • Sirt2: positive regulator | |
| Autophagy | • Sirt1: autophagy↑ • Sirt2: autophagy↑ • Sirt3 and Sirt6: autophagy↑ |
| • Sirt4, Sirt5, and Sirt7: unknown |
Sirtuins are closely involved in energy metabolism, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxidative stress, cell death, and autophagy. silent mating-type information regulation (Sirt) 1 and Sirt3 have been well investigated and documented. Overall, Sirt1 and Sirt3-7 are thought to have beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease, whereas Sirt2 appears to be detrimental. Upregulation of Sirt1 may have detrimental effects in the heart in response to pressure overload. FFA, free fatty acid.